1.3.5- Trinitrobenzene solubility

During the solution of the trinitrobenzoic acid, the temperature should not be below 35°, owing to the slight solubility of trinitrobenzoic acid in cold water. The heat of neutralization raises the temperature to 45-55°, but the latter temperature should not be exceeded, since any trinitrobenzene formed at this point would later be removed with the unreacted trinitrotoluene. 

The reaction of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) and l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in toluene184 was also proposed to proceed by the mechanism shown in Scheme 16. The visible spectrum, recorded immediately after mixing appropriate solutions of TNB and DBU in toluene, shows a feeble absorbance maximum at 505 nm, which changes to a stable maximum at 468 nm, after variable reaction times. The first maximum was attributed to a molecular complex between TNB and DBU, and the second maximum at the Meisenheimer complex, 39, although NMR structural determinations were not possible, because of the low solubility of the complex in toluene. 

Figure 11.6 Sorption isotherms for two kinds of nonionic organic compounds from aqueous solutions to suspended kaolinite (a) slightly monopolar compound, pyrene, showing a linear isotherm up to its solubility (Backhus, 1990), and (b) monopolar compound, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, showing a hyperbolic isotherm (Had-erlein et al., 1996).

Trinitrobenzene is only moderately soluble in hot alcohol, more readily in acetone, ether, and benzene. Like other polynitro aromatic compounds it forms colored molecular compounds with many aromatic hydrocarbons and organic bases.8 The compound... 

The solubility of sym-trinitrobenzene in various solvents according to Orlova [3] is given in Table 41. 

In industrial practice, losses of crude TNT in the sulphitation process amount from 6 to 8%. Out of this 2%-3. 5% is ascribed to the loss of a- trinitrotoluene and 3.5-4.5% to that of unsymmetrical isomers and other impurities, such as tetrani-tromethane (p. 339) and trinitrobenzene which is easily soluble in sodium sulphite, forming addition products. 

Properties Orthorhombic crystals. Mp 228.7C. Sublimes with decomposition, forming carbon dioxide and trinitrobenzene slightly soluble in water and benzene soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetone. Derivation Oxidation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with chromic acid. 

All salts and buffer components, as well as poly-D,L-lysine (PL), CBZ-protected PL, diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and its anhydrides, water-soluble carbodiimide (l-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide, EDC), (SPDP), SMCC, dithiothreithol, succinic anhydride, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, triethylamine, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and IV-hydroxy sulfo-succinimide (HSSI) are available from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 

Alkali-extracted proteins from simflower oil cake (89% proteins, Nx6.25) and wheat gluten (76.5% proteins, Nx5.7) were reacted with n-octanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Temperature, reaction time and catalyst concentration were varied according to an experimental design to maximize the esterification yield. The latter was determined by alkaline hydrolysis and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography. The hydrolysis of the peptide chain was traced by the determination of the amount of free amino groups in esterified proteins using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) assays. The solubility curves of modified proteins in water as a function of pH were obtained by Kjeldahl analysis to determine the composition of the soluble and insoluble parts. 

Triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene can be easy synthesized by the action of alkaline azide on 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. The product is slightly soluble in the reaction mixture from which it precipitates. The sodium azide can be used in the form of an aqueous ethanol solution while l,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in the form of an acetone solution or alone [153, 154,159, 160]. Purification of TATNB may be done by crystallization from solvents such as chloroform [153,154,159,160], acetic acid, or mixture of acetic acid and acetone 1/1 (the last mixture is recommended for preparation of single crystals for stractural studies) [155]. 

Substantial previous work by Pagoria [2] and associates has attempted to discover new insensitive high explosives (IHE) such as LLM-105 that have higher energy densities than 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). TATB is well noted for its thermal stability (m.p. > 370 C) low insensitivity to external stimuli such as drop hammer, spark, and friction and its very low solubility in a wide array of solvents. We compare our results for RX-55-AE-5 to PBX-9502, LX-17 and TATB [3]. PBX 9502 is formulated from 95% TATB and 5% Kel-F 800 and LX-17 is formulated from 92.5% TATB and 7.5% Kel-F 800. 

The use of ionic liquids as solvents for nucleophilic substitutions has been reviewed. The high solubility of triamino-trinitrobenzene in fluoride-containing ionic liquids has been the subject of molecular dynamics simulations, and is likely to be due to the formation of a Zundel complex, where a proton is shared between an amino group and a fluoride ion. The solvent effects on the rate of reaction of phenyl isocyanate with alcohols have been described by multiparameter linear equations with increased solvent polarity favouring reaction. ... 

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