Trimeric, Tetrameric, and Hexameric Coordination Cages

introduction of rigid spacers between the ligand and the macrocycle (see 34 as an example) 

assembly of more than two macrocyclic ligands. This last approach is covered in the present chapter. 

Beer and coworkers were the first to report the metal-directed synthesis of trimeric and tetrameric coordination cages 37 and 38, assembled from dithiocarba- 

A different neutral hexameric coordination cage structure was assembled from six either C-propyl- or C-pentyl-pyrogallol[4]arene units and 12 Ga(III) ions [51]. In both cases the centroids of the macrocyclic ligand components reside on the vertices of a squeezed octahedron enclosing a space of approximately 1150 A3. Only a total of 20 

The clean, precise, and reversible modification of surfaces represents an important opportunity to expand the application range of self-assembly. In particular, the thermodynamic control and reversibility of CSA can be exploited for the error-free generation of three-dimensional architectures directly on surfaces. 

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