Via-last approach

FIGURE 15.7 A schematic of the wafer-level dielectric adhesive bonding via-last approach to 3D demonstrated by Lu et al. (from Ref. 46-50). 

TSVs are an important component of all four wafer-level 3D technology platforms discussed above. In the via-lirst approaches, the I/O connections from the bond layer to the top of the stack are accomplished by TSVs, and in the via-last approach, these interconnects as well as the interwafer interconnects are defined by TSVs. In general, to accomplish high-performance high-density interconnection, TSVs should be as short and small as possible. 

CMP for Via-Last Approach to 3D Using Oxide-to-Oxide Bonding 3D... 

The last approach to chiral synthesis begins with a chiral precursor whose components will be integrated into the final product, which is the chiral template approach (sec. 10.9). The examples of asymmetric syntheses involving Diels-Alder templates are as varied as the targets. One typical example is by Oppolzer, who reported an asymmetric synthesis of pumiliotoxin C via Diels-Alder cyclization of 303, prepared from (/ )-norvaline, to give 304.248... 

The synthesis and use of immobilized iridium pincer complexes on solid supports for the transfer dehydrogenation of alkanes have also been examined [131]. Three approaches are reported (i) the post-functionalization of a Mer-rifield resin by incorporating the pincer complex (ii) the covalent bonding of the catalyst to silica via a pendant alkoxysilane linker and (iii) the adsorption of the catalyst onto y-alumina via the interaction of the phenolate group on the para-position of the pincer ligand with the Lewis-acidic sites on the alumina. The last approach showed the best activity, affording thermally robust, recyclable, and active supported ( PCP)Ir (Ir-2) and ( POCOP)Ir (Ir-13) catalysts. 

You may be able to collect a great deal of useful input via personal conversations about the new systems. This avoids the more costly survey approach, but is also more likely to be biased. Generally, any voluntary opinions are more likely to be negative human nature is such that complaints are more common than praise. (When did you last thank your bank for improved service When did you last complain to them ). Ideally, you should set aside a period when you simply spend time meeting with other staff and discussing the new systems. If you are given, or hear of, complaints informally, check them out by asking others their opinion. 

Poly(p-pheny lene)s, PPPs, constitute the prototype of rigid-rod polymers and are currently being intensively investigated [1]. The key role of PPPs follows from their conceptually simple and appealing molecular structure, from their chemical stability, and from their superior physical properties [2], In turn, this is the result of important advances made in aromatic chemistry over the last few years. The following section gives an overview of the most common methods to generate poly(p-phenylene)s via different synthetic approaches. 

The known, in many cases very special, synthetic approaches to azocines often proceed via valence isomerization of appropriate precursor molecules. In this section these routes are classified by the last step in the reaction cascade. The synthesis and chemistry of azocines has been described in several excellent reviews,9-11 so that the treatment here is systematic and rather concise. 

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