Trigger transformer

The photoresist is sensitive to the incident radiation and it undergoes (photo) chemical transformations. Photoresists are complex formulations consisting of organic solvent, polymer, photoactive compound (PAC), base, and other chemicals that confer it desired properties. In one-component resists, the polymer is the photoactive compound, whereas in two- or multicomponent resists the photoactive compound undergoes photochemical transformation resulting in new species that interact with the radiation inert polymer, triggering transformations that alter the solubility in the exposed areas. 

Teply F (2011) Photoredox catalysis by [Ru(bpy)3] to trigger transformations of organic molecules. Organic synthesis using visible-light photocatalysis and its 20" century roots. Collect Czech Chem Commun 76 859-917... 

Aldehyde 198 served as a key intermediate in a synthesis of the alkaloid ajmaline. The. Mannich aminomethylation transform triggers disconnection of two bonds in 198 to form dialdehyde 199, which by connective transform application can be converted to cyclopentene 200.58,59 The reduction in functional group reactivity and in structural complexity are both apparent by comparison of 198 and 200. 

TRANSFORMATIONS OF ORGANO COMPOUNDS TRIGGERED BY THE INTERACTION WITH TRANSITION METAL AND RARE EARTH SYSTEMS... 

Guo, H.C. Ma, J.A. (2006) Catalytic Asymmetric Tandem Transformations Triggered by Conjugate Additions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45, 354-366. 

When a compound that can form several modifications crystallizes, first a modification may form that is thermodynamically unstable under the given conditions afterwards it converts to the more stable form (Ostwald step rule). Selenium is an example when elemental selenium forms by a chemical reaction in solution, it precipitates in a red modification that consists of Se8 molecules this then converts slowly into the stable, gray form that consists of polymeric chain molecules. Potassium nitrate is another example at room temperature J3-KN03 is stable, but above 128 °C a-KNOs is stable. From an aqueous solution at room temperature a-KN03 crystallizes first, then, after a short while or when triggered by the slightest mechanical stress, it transforms to )3-KN03. 

The fluidity of blood is a result of the inhibition of a complex series of enzymic reactions in the coagulation cascade (see Fig. 10). When triggered either intrinsically (by contact with foreign surfaces ), or extrinsically (by tissue factors from damaged cells), inactive proenzymes (factors XII, XI, IX, and X) are transformed into activated pro-teinases (XHa, XIa, IXa, and Xa, respectively). Each proteinase catalyzes the activation of the following proenzyme in the sequence, up to formation of thrombin (Factor Ha), another proteinase that catalyzes partial... 

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