Trichomonas foetus

Sialidases have a wider distribution in Nature than have the sialic acids. They have been found in a variety of viruses (mainly ortho- and para-myxoviruses) which do not usually contain sialic acids,in many pathogenic and nonpathogcnic bacteria,110-3 10 -30H in several strains of the fungus Streptomyces alhus,309 in such protozoa as Trichomonas foetus,310,311 and in animal, including human, tissues.110,312... 

Fig. 2 Routine preparation of a hydrogenosome (H) in Trichomonas vaginalis (a), Tri-trichomonas foetus (b), and Monocercomonas sp. (c). Note that in T. foetus the hydrogenosome is spherical, enveloped by a double membrane (arrows), and presents a single peripheral vesicle, whereas in T vaginalis several peripheral vesicles are seen surrounding the organelle (arrows) and in Monocercomonas the hydrogenosome is very elongated. ER, endoplasmic reticulum N, nucleus. Bars = 100 nm. (From Benchimol 2001 Diniz and Benchimol 1998)...

Bauchop T (1971) Mechanism of hydrogen formation in Trichomonas foetus. J Gen Microbiol 68 27-33... 

Paltauf F, Meingassner JG (1982) The absence of cardiolipin in hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. J Parasitol 68 949-950 Ryley JF (1955) Studies on the metabolism of the protozoa. 5. Metabolism of the parasitic flagellate Trichomonas foetus. Biochem J 59 361-369 Steinbiichel A, Muller M (1986) Anaerobic pyruvate metabolism of Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 20 57-65 Turner G, Muller M (1983) Failure to detect extranuclear DNA in Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. J Parasitol 69 234-236... 

Metronidazole c +++ Trichomonas foetus Giardia lamblia Histomonas meleagridis... 

Zoomastigina Polymastlgina Trichomonadidae Trichomonas foetus gallinae vaginalis... 

Chromatography on Sephadex G-200 has been used to isolate three linkage-specific a-D-galactosidases from extracts of Trichomonas foetus They were identified as a-1,3- and a-l,4-D-galactosidases and an a-l,6-D-galactosidase that also hydrolysed alkyl and aryl a-D-galactopyranosides. 

Some advance is being made on the serum fractions required by Trichomonas foetus (see below). 

Cholesterol is also required by Trichomonas foetus, T. batrachorum and Trichomastix colubrorum Nothing is known regarding the biochemical and physiological function of this compound. 

Ascorbic Acid. Cailleau found that ascorbic acid, when added to otherwise inadequate media for Trichomonas foetus, T. columbae, and Trichomastix colubrorum, rendered the media suitable for growth. The serum fraction of these media rapidly lost activity upon aging, and it was this activity which was restored by the addition of ascorbic acid. 

Trichomonas and Trichomastix With one exception, all the species of these genera have been cultured only on complex media (beef broth, blood serum, egg, etc.). Even in the case of Trichomonas foetus (Weiss and BalP), which certainly needs confirmation, the medium contained extracts of plant materials. For optimum growth unknown substances had to be added in enzymatically digested proteins or serums. 

In the microbial world, occurrence of sialidase appears mostly to be restricted to ortho- and to paramyxoviruses and to members of two major taxonomic orders of bacteria, Eubacteriales and Pseudomona-dales (for review, Drzeniek, 1972), but not entirely. Sialidase also has been uncovered in one of the Mycoplasmatales (gallisepticum, Sethi and Muller, 1972 Roberts, 1967), as well as in a structurally related L-phase variant of Vibrio comma, or cholerae (Madoff et aL, 1961) this latter belongs, however, to the Spirillaceae family of the aforementioned Pseudomonadales. Sialidase has been found also in a higher Protistan, Trichomonas foetus (Romanovska and Watkins, 1963) and in several strains of a fungus, Streptomyces albus (Myhill and Cook, 1972), of the order Actinomycetales. Future discoveries may further widen the pat-... 

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