Tri- prefix

List the locations and names of alkyl groups in alphabetical order by their name (ignoring the di-, tri- prefixes) and end the name with the parent hydrocarbon. 

For secondary, tertiary, and quarternary amines, the naming convention is a bit different, but the suffixes are the same. For symmetrical amines, the di" or "tri" prefix is used depending on whether there are 2 or 3 substituents. For example, dipropylamine or triphenylamine. For asymmetric amines, the parent chain gets the -amine suffix. This name is then prefixed with N- (indicating the nitrogen bond) and the substituent group name, for each substituent, using alphabetic order for tertiary amides. For example, N-ethyl-N-methyl-propylamine, not N-methyl-N-ethyl-propylamine. 

When naming the secondary and tertiary amines, the smaller group is written first and the other groups are added before the word -amine . If the groups are the same, the di- or tri- prefixes are used. In common nomenclature we use the locant N to designate substituents attached to a nitrogen atom. 

Determine the numbered locations and names of the substituted alkyl groups. Use di-, tri-, and similar prefixes for alkyl groups represented more than once. Separate numbers by commas and groups by dashes. List the locations and names of alkyl groups in alphabetical order by their name (ignoring the di- tri- prefixes) and end the name with the parent hydrocarbon. 

Both remaining CgHi4 isomers have two methyl groups as substituents on a four carbon chain Thus the parent chain is butane When the same substituent appears more than once use the multiplying prefixes di tri tetra and so on A separate locant is used for each substituent and the locants are separated from each other by commas and from the words by hyphens... 

Replicating prefixes such as di tri and tetra (see Section 2 12) are used as... 

List the substituents attached to the longest con tinuous chain in alphabetical order Use the pre fixes di- tri- tetra- and so on when the same substituent appears more than once Ignore these prefixes when alphabetizing... 

The name of the parent six membered sulfur containing heterocycle is thiane It is num bered beginning at sulfur Multiple incorporation of sulfur in the ring is indicated by the prefixes di tri and so on... 

If the same alkyl group occurs more than once as a side chain, this is indicated by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. Side chains are cited in alphabetical order (before insertion of any multiplying prefix). The name of a complex radical (side chain) is considered to begin with the first letter of its complete name. Where names of complex radicals are composed of identical words, priority for citation is given to that radical which contains the lowest-numbered locant at the first cited point of difference in the radical. If two or more side chains are in equivalent positions, the one to be assigned the lowest-numbered locant is that cited first in the name. The complete expression for the side chain may be enclosed in parentheses for clarity or the carbon atoms in side chains may be indicated by primed locants. 

In the case of complex entities such as organic ligands (particularly if they are substituted) the multiplying prefixes bis-, tris-, tetrakis-, pentakis-,. . . are used, i.e.,-kis is added starting from tetra-. The modified entity is often placed within parentheses to avoid ambiguity. 

Stoichiometric Proportions. The stoichiometric proportions of the constituents in a formula may be denoted by Greek numerical prefixes mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- (Latin), deca-, undeca- (Latin), dodeca-,. . . , icosa- (20), henicosa- (21),. . . , tri-conta-(30), tetraconta-(40),. . . , hecta-(100), and so on, preceding without a hyphen the names of the elements to which they refer. The prefix mono can usually be omitted occasionally hemi-(1/2) and sesqui- (%) are used. No elisions are made when using numerical prefixes except in the case of icosa- when the letter i is elided in docosa- and tricosa-. Beyond 10, prefixes may be replaced by Arabic numerals. 

Replacement of Oxygen by Other Chalcogens. Acids derived from oxoacids by replacement of oxygen by sulfur are called thioacids, and the number of replacements are given by prefixes di-, tri-, and so on. The affixes seleno- and telluro- are used analogously. 

Multiplicative Prefixes. The multiplicative prefixes bis, tris, etc., are used with certain anions for indicating stoichiometric proportions when di, tri, etc., have been preempted to designate condensed anions for example, A1K(S04)2 I2H2O, aluminum potassium bis(sulfate) 12-water (recall that disulfate refers to the anion S20jfi. 

Quaternary ammonium compounds are usually named as the substituted ammonium salt. The anion is Hsted last (3). Substituent names can be either common (stearyl) or lUPAC (octadecyl). If the long chain in the compound is from a natural mixture, the chain is named after that mixture, eg, taHowalkyL Prefixes such as di- and tri- are used if an alkyl group is repeated. Complex compounds usually have the substituents Hsted in alphabetical order. Some common quaternary ammonium compounds and their appHcations in patent Hterature are Hsted in Table 1. 

Symmetrical secondary and tertiary amines are named by adding the prefix di- or tri- to the alkyl group. 

Order of prefixes. When the substituents have been identified, the main chain has been numbered, and the proper multipliers such as di- and tri- have been assigned, the name is written with the substituents listed in alphabetical,... 

The number of ligands of a particular type is ordinarily indicated by the Greek prefixes di, tri, tetra, penta, hexaz... 

If the name of the ligand is itself complex (e.g., ethylenediamine), the number of such ligands is indicated by the prefixes bis, tris,.. . The name of the ligand is enclosed in parentheses ... 

Carbon dioxide has the formula COj. Remembering that the prefix di means two, and tri means three, write the molecular formula for each of the following substances carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide. (If you don t know the symbol for an element, use the table inside the back cover of the book.)... 

Convert Greek prefixes into subscripts. di = 2 tri = 3. b2s3... 

The prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, bexa-, and so on, indicate how many of each substituent are in the molecule. Numbers set off by hyphens specify to which carbon atoms the groups are attached. 

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