Trephining

Some of the yellow bands are appreciably wider than others, 2 versus 0.5 mm, see Figure 25.2a and b. A gradient in the coloration of the larger band was observable. Through the use of small diameter trephines, 0.39 mm, three punches could be obtained at three different positions across the band as seen in Figure 25.2c. A comparison of these punches, taken from four different animals, showed that the concentration of lutein varies consistently from the front to the back of the band,... 

The following embedding mixture is excellent when sections of 1 p,m thickness are required. It has been employed for embedding bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens for... 

McCluggage, W. G., Roddy, S., Whiteside, C., Burton, J., McBride, H., Maxwell, P., and Bharucha, H. 1995. Immunohistochemical staining of plastic embedded bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens after microwave heating. J. Clin. Pathol. 48 840-844. 

Other examples of tissues exhibiting active and passive tension include cornea, cardiovascular tissue, and cartilage. When a corneal transplant is trephined out from a cadaver eye, the corneal material to be transplanted shrinks from about 8.5 mm to about 8.0 mm as a result of unloading of the passive and active tensions that exist. In the cardiovascular system, passive and active stresses along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the vessel wall provide in situ strains that are as high as 50% in the carotid artery. 

If the patient has limited visual potential because of other factors, pain relief may be provided by surgical intervention, such as a conjimctival flap procedure, anterior stromal pimcture with a 20-gauge needle, or PTK. Electrocautery of Bowman s layer and partial trephination of the cornea have also been reported as successful methods of pain control. 

Trephining was accomplished with a sharpened flint moved in rapid circular motions to cut through the bony skull. The procedure took about a half hour on a drugged patient. It is likely that early man had discovered the means to immobilize an individual so that surgery could be carried out. Trephining was practiced as late as the mid-twentieth century among isolated peoples. Even cadavers were trephined to remove bone fragments, which were then worn as amulets. 

Current neurosurgery includes trephination along with other procedures to correct not only injury and dis-... 

Figure 6. A bone marrow trephine biopsy needle such as may be used for bone marrow stem cell harvesting...

Erber WN, McLachlan J. Use of APAAP technique on paraffin wax embedded bone marrow trephines. J Clin Pathol. 1989 42 1201. 

Chilosi M, Adami F, Lestani M, et al. CD138/syndecan-l a useful immunohistochemical marker of normal and neoplastic plasma cells on routine trephine bone marrow biopsies. Mod Pathol. 1999 12(12) 1101-1106. 

Ghetty R, Echezarreta G, Gomley M, et al. Immunohistochemistry in apparently normal bone marrow trephine specimens from patients with nodal follicular lymphoma. J Clin Pathol. 1995 48(11) 1035-1038. 

Krenacs T, Bagdi E, Stelkovics E, Bereczky L, Krenacs L (2005) How we process trephine biopsy specimens-epoxy resin-embedded bone marrow biopsies. J Clin Pathol 58 897-903... 

Bone marrow trephine biopsies must be decalcified before paraffin embedding by the incubation in a saturated Na2EDTA solution for 6-24 h. Heating by microwave can reduce this period. 

Grisanti S, Jacobi PC, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Heimann K. Pseudo endophthalmitis after the use of a new viscoelastic product. XVth Congress of the European Society of Cataract 105 466-469 Gruber PF, Schipper I, Kem R. Use of Healon for corneal trephination in penetrating keratoplasty. Ophthalmic Surg 1984 15 773... 

The opening in the cortical plate of the tibia is performed using a trephine 8 mm in diameter mounted on a surgical handpiece at 120 revolutions per minute with significant cooling by sterile saline solution (Fig. 2). 

Ilankovan, V. Stronczek, M. TeUer,M. Peterson, L. J. Stassen, L. F.A. Ward-Booth, P. A prospective study of trephined bone grafts of the tibial shaft and iliac crest. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1998,36,434-439. 

Schantz, J.T., Lim, T.C., Ning, C., Teoh, S.H., Tan, K.C., Wang, S.C., Hutmacher, D.W., 2006. Cranioplasty after trephination using a novel biodegradable burr hole cover technical case report. Neurosurgery 58, ONS-E176 (discussion ONS-E176). 

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