Trench mouth

Potassium permanganate (KMnO ) is a purplish crystal-like oxidizing compound used as an antiseptic and disinfectant to inhibit the growth of harmful skin microorganisms and bacteria. Before antibiotics were available, it was used as a treatment for trench mouth and impetigo. 

Trench mouth (necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis), also called Vincent s infection, usually affects young adults and is considered a form of periodontal disease. If untreated, it can lead to the loss of gum tissue and eventually loss of teeth. Today, there are more effective treatments for trench mouth than KMnO,. 

Gingivostomatitis, produced by the synergistic action qCLeptotrichia buccalis and fusospirochetes that are present in the mouth, is readily treatable with penicillin. For simple trench mouth, 500 mg penicillin V given every 6 hours for several days is usually sufficient. 

Below Unit B a silty sand layer (Unit C) was encountered in the cores taken between the mouth of the Great Wadi and the center of the Kom el Ahmr. Unit C contained a sequence of Old Kingdom to late Predynastic artifacts dating from about 2500 B.C. to 3200 B.C. Below Unit C, a very compact, well-sorted thick layer of Nile clay and sand was encountered (Unit N). No cores or trenches reached below this sedimentary deposit. Unit N contained occasional Predynastic ceramic and flint artifacts. Samples were collected from each 10-15-cm auger cut within each sedimentary unit in each core or trench. In addition, numerous samples of the Neonile deposits and other sediments from the nearby low desert and Great Wadi were taken for analysis. 

A complete parametric study of the unsteady state mass transfer model clearly shows that tp, the pulse period, 4, the polarization, A, the aspect ratio, and DF, the duty factor have a profound effect on the evolution and the final shape of the deposit. Large polarization s and aspect ratios lead to deposition that is mass transfer controlled. This results in keyhole formation, as the concentration gradient inside a high aspect ratio trench is very large. On the other hand, when the deposition is kinetically controlled (i.e. for small values of polarization and aspect ratio) the gradient down the length of the trench is much smaller and deposition proceeds at nearly the bulk concentration. This leads to conformal deposition, as there is negligible variation in the deposition rate at the mouth and at the bottom of the trench. 

The last and greatest attack of the summer came on the 24th. At dawn, under cover of a heavy artillery barrage, the Germans released chlorine along a two-mile sector of the front, between the Menin Road and Sanctuary Wood, south-west of Ypres. The men who held the line — soldiers of the British 1st Cavalry, 4th and 28th Divisions — clutched hastily-issued respirators consisting of two layers of flannel (with tapes attached to tie over the mouth) which were meant to be dipped in soda solution before use, bottles of which were placed in the trenches. 

Masses of Africans and Canadians stumbled back in retreat. Other masses, surprised and utterly uncomprehending, staggered out of their trenches into no-man s-land. Men clawed at their throats, stuffed their mouths with shirttails or scarves, tore the dirt with their bare hands and buried their faces in the earth. They writhed in agony, ten thousand of them, serious casualties and flve thousand others died. Entire divisions abandoned the line. 

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