Transport to Storage Site

Around 3000 km of pipeline for conveying carbon dioxide are said to exist throughout the world, of which 2400 km are in the USA. Collectively, these transport annually about 44 Mt CO2 at high pressure. The gas is used predominantly for enhanced oil recovery. 

If transport to the storage site by pipeline proves to be impracticable or too expensive, there are alternatives to be evaluated. At atmospheric pressure, cryogenic carbon dioxide ( dry-ice ) does not melt, but sublimes at — 78 °C. Thus, in principle, it can be carried as a solid in refrigerated trucks or ships. This would, however, require freezing at the production plant and then vaporization at the storage site before injection of the gas. Both of these activities are energy intensive. In addition, dry-ice is difficult to handle in quantity. A more feasible mode of transport depends on the fact that the gas can be liquefied under high pressure. At 22 °C, the vapour pressure over the liquid is around 6 MPa. It is therefore possible to convey carbon dioxide as a liquid in pressurized tankers, provided that the temperature is well controlled. 

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Insulin also plays a role in fat metabolism. In humans, most fatty acid synthesis takes place in the liver. The mechanism of action of insulin involves directing excess nutrient molecules toward metabolic pathways leading to fat synthesis. These fatty acids are then transported to storage sites, predominantly adipose tissue. Finally, insulin stimulates the uptake of amino acids into cells where they are incorporated into proteins. 

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