Transport of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids

The behavior of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) as they enter the partially saturated subsurface from a land surface source follows two well-defined scenarios in one case, the physical properties of the NAPL remain unchanged, while in the second case, NAPL properties are altered during transport. In the case of dense NAPLs, the contaminant plume reaches the aquifer and is subject to longterm, continuous, slow local redistribution due to groundwater flushing-dissolution processes. These plumes become contamination source zones that evolve over time, often with major negative impacts on groundwater quality. 

Experiments carried out in Canada, Israel, Sweden, and the United States are used here to illustrate aspects of NAPL transport and redistribution in the subsurface. 

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Palmer, C.D. and Johnson, R.L., Physical processes controlling the transport of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface, in Transport and Fate of Contaminants in the Subsurface, EPA 625/4-89/019, U.S. EPA, Washington, 1989. 

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