Transmitted energy

Some desirable characteristics of fluid power systems when compared with mechanical systems. A fluid power system is often a simpler means of transmitting energy. There are fewer mechanical parts than in an ordinary industrial system. Since there are fewer mechanical parts, a fluid power system is more efficient and more dependable. In the common industrial system, there is no need to worry about hundreds of moving parts failing, with fluid or gas as the transmission medium. 

This gives a simple relationship between the amount of the absorber and the ratio of the incident and the transmitted energies. Now these equations apply to transmission spectroscopy, which is sometimes used... 

The chemi-osmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation has been reviewed,74 a model for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in which a membrane potential or proton gradient might transmit energy from an oxidation step to ATP synthesis has been proposed,76 and adenine nucleotide transport in mitochondria has been reviewed.76... 

Luminescence Lidar (light Detection and Ranging) is an active instrument, which sends out coherent waves to the object concerned. A fraction of the transmitted energy is transformed by the objects and sends back to the sensor. lidar instriunents measure both the traveUng time interval between sensor/object/sensor as well as the difference between emitted and returning energy, providing information on the exact position of the objects and on the material the objects are made of. Spectral selectivity was achieved usually with the aid of narrow band interference filters. 

Thin nickel foil is used to slow down monoenergetic 10-MeV protons. What is the maximum thickness that can be used if one wants the straggling to be < 1% of the mean transmitted energy What is the mean transmitted energy in this case ... 

Waves transmit energy, which travels and spreads out with the wave motion. The energy at any point is proportional to the intensity of the wave motion there, which is equal to the square of the amplitude ... 

In the hydrate lattice structure, the water molecules are largely restricted from translation or rotation, but they do vibrate anharmonically about a fixed position. This anharmonicity provides a mechanism for the scattering of phonons (which normally transmit energy) providing a lower thermal conductivity. Tse et al. (1983, 1984) and Tse and Klein (1987) used molecular dynamics to show that frequencies of the guest molecule translational and rotational energies are similar to those of the low-frequency lattice (acoustic) modes. Tse and White (1988) indicate that a resonant coupling explains the low thermal conductivity. 

Electromagnetic waves transmit energy as well. The average intensity I (in watts per square meter) is proportional to the average squared electric field ... 

The transmittance, t, is the ratio of the transmitted energy to the incident energy. The fraction of energy reflected will be 1 — a — t. For a black body, t = 0. 

The other important consideration concerns the transmission of ultrasound (and other forms of energy) from one medium to another and the importance of impedance matching . When wave energy is transferred from one medium to another then a part is transmitted and the rest reflected. The ratio of reflected to transmitted energies depends on the characteristic impedances of the two media and the transmission is total if these are matched. In the case of acoustic waves the specific impedance (Z) of a medium is given by the product of the density p and the velocity of sound v. that is... 

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