Transmembrane signaling, insulin receptor

Ottensmeyer FP et al Mechanism of transmembrane signalling Insulin binding and the insulin receptor. Biochemistry 2000 39 12103. [PMID ... 

A process by which a substrate protein, usually a receptor, catalyzes selfphosphorylation, usually at a tyrosine residue. The mechanism can be either intramolecular (cis) or intermolecular (trans) although at least one system has been described with both cis and trans processes. See Cobb, M.H., Sang, B.-C., Gonzalez, R., Goldsmith, E., and Ellis, L., Autophosphorylation activates the soluble cytoplasmic domain of the insulin receptor in an intermolecular reaction, J. Biol. Chem. 264, 18701-18706, 1989 Frattali, A.L., Treadway, J.L., and Pessin, J.E., Transmembrane signaling by the human insulin receptor kinase. Relationship between intramolecular subunit trans- and c A-autophosphorylation and substrate kinase activation, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19521-19528, 1992 Rim, J., Faurobert, E., Hurley,... 

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSMEMBRANE SIGNALLING THROUGH THE INSULIN RECEPTOR KINASE... 

Some mutants of D. melanogaster with extended lifespans have a defective insulin / IGF signaling pathway. The methuselah mutant, whose lifespan is 35% greater than average, appears to involve a G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptor. Mutation of an insulin receptor homolog extends lifespan, apparently by causing a juvenile hormone deficiency. Drosophila lifespan is also lengthened by mutation of a transmembrane dicarboxylate transporter or by overexpression of a protein repair carboxyl methyltransferase (p. 594). ... 

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