Translation initiation codon

The 5 upstream region of the MnP-1 gene contains a TATAAA element 81 bp upstream of the translation initiation codon. In addition, three inverted CCAAT elements (ATTGG) ( ) are found at positions -181, -195, and -304 with respect to the initiation codon. We are analyzing the 5 upstream sequence of the MnP-1 gene for other possible regulatory sequence elements. 

Figure 3. Comparison of the structures of the MnP-1 and UP-H8 genes (26,27). The structures of the genes from the translation initiation codons to the termination codons are shown. Exons are indicated by shading. The putative signal peptides and propeptide are indicated by crosshatching. The positions of the distal His (His 46 and 47), distal Arg (Arg 42 and 43), and proximal His (His 173 and 176) for MnP-1 and LiP-H8, respectively, are also indicated. (Reproduc with permission from Godfr, B. J. Mayfield, M. B. Brown, J. A. Gold, M. H. Gene 1990, in press. Copyright 1990, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.)...

S. Bonnal, C. Schaeffer, L. Creancier, S. Clamens, H. Moinc, A.C. Prats, and S. Vagner, A single internal ribosome entry site containing a G quartet ENA structure drives fibroblast growth factor 2 gene expression at four alternative translation initiation codons, J Biol Chem 278, 39330-39336 (2003). 

ATG or AUG. The codon for methionine the translation initiation codon. Usually, protein translation can only start at a methionine codon (although this codon may be found elsewhere within the protein sequence as well). In eukaryotic DNA, the sequence is ATG in RNA it is AUG. Usually, the first AUG in the mRNA is the point at which translation starts, and an open reading frame follows, i.e., the nucleotides taken three at a time will code for the amino acids of the protein, and a stop codon will be found only when the protein coding region is complete. 

Fig. 5.3 Consensus translation start in Dictyoste-lium discoideum. A total of 4559 predicted genes from D. discoideum chromosomes 1 and 2 were inspected for nucleotides in positions -6 to -1 and +4 relative to the ATG translation initiation codon (designated +1 to +3). Nucleotide frequencies are expressed as a fraction of 100%. At the...

Kuroda, H. and P. Maliga, Sequences downstream of the translation initiation codon are important determinants of translation efficiency in chloroplasts. Plant Physiol, 2001 125(l) 430-436. 

The region coding for the NGF protein is located exclusively in exon IV, although exons lA and II both have additional in-frame translation initiation codons (AUG). On the basis of this NGF gene structure, the size of all alternative splice forms is predicted as approximately 1.3 kb. How-... 

Lock, R Ralph, S. Stanley, E. Boulet, I. Ramsay, R. Dunn, A.R. Two isoforms of murine hck, generated by utilization of alternative translational initiation codons, exhibit different patterns of subcellular localization. Mol. Cell. Biol, 11, 4363-4370 (1991)... 

FiggK 3. Scheme of the S -flanking region of the human MCPT /. (A) The positions of exons lA, IB and 2 containing the translation initiation codon (open rectangles) and the presence of the PPRE (dashed box) are indicated. (B) Comparison of the sequence of the proposed PPRE with the consensus. (C) Electrophoretic mobility shift assay of the muscle CPTI PPRE with PPAR-RXR heterodimers. PPAR a, y and 5 and RXRa were translated in vitro, incubated with the proposed CPT I PPRE labelled probe, and analyzed by Hee-trophoretic mobility shift assay. Additions were as indicated on the top of the figure. 

The results from similar primer extension experiments using a labeled primer specific for the high-pl cDNA signal peptide coding sequence were more difficult to explain. In these experiments, all primer extension products identified had the same sequence for a distance 50 nucleotides in the 5 direction from the ATG translation initiation codon (it was not possible to obtain sequence data further... 

Fig. 5. DN A sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone, pHV Al, encoding an ABA-induced mRNA. Nucleotide + 1 is assigned to the predicted translation initiation codon, and the negative numbers refer to the 5 -noncoding region. The nine imperfect 11-amino-acid repeats are underlined numbered. The polyadenylation signal, AATAAA, is shown by dots. From Hong...

FIGURE 3. The nucleotide sequences of the 5 -flanking region of the rat GLO gene. Nucleotide residue 1 denotes the A of the translation initiation codon ATG underlined). The CCAAT box and GC box (GGGCGG) are shaded. Arrowheads indicate the transcription start site. Short sequences above the main sequence are consensus sequences for the binding factors or event indicated. From Nishikimi et al. (1992). 

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