TRANSITION METAL OXIDES AND SULFIDES

An interesting paper qualitatively compared phosgene with a mixture of CO and Cl as reagents for converting metal oxides into metal chlorides phosgene was found to be more effective in all eight cases studied [2107a]. 

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In many transition-metal oxides and sulfides, ionic conductivity is augmented by electronic conductivity, and transport numbers need to include contributions from electrons and holes. These mixed conductors are described in Section 8.8. 

Intercalation electrodes may include either carbon electrodes or transition metal oxide and sulfide electrodes, which intercalate with solution components such as metal cations. The most important example is intercalation of lithium ions with many types of carbonaceous materials at low potentials (0-1.5 V versus Li/Li+)... 

Non-aqueous synthetic methods have recently been used to assemble mesoporous transition metal oxides and sulfides. This approach may afford greater control over the condensation-polymerization chemistry of precursor species and lead to enhanced surface area materials and well ordered structures [38, 39], For the first time, a rational synthesis of mesostructured metal germanium sulfides from the co-assembly of adamantanoid [Ge4S ()]4 cluster precursors was reported [38], Formamide was used as a solvent to co-assemble surfactant and adamantanoid clusters, while M2+/1+ transition metal ions were used to link the clusters (see Fig. 2.2). This produced exceptionally well-ordered mesostructured metal germanium sulfide materials, which could find application in detoxification of heavy metals, sensing of sulfurous vapors and the formation of semiconductor quantum anti-dot devices. 

TABLE 4.8. Catalytic Activity of Transition Metal Oxides and Sulfides... 

These include mostly transition metal oxides and sulfides that can be classified in several ways, e.g., according to their red-ox potentials 2, 3, 4, 5 V vs. Li/Li ", or according to their structure, e.g., layered, spinel, inverse spinel, olivine. Typical 2-3 V materials are LixMoeOg chevrel phase (0 < x < 4), TiS2, M0S2. Typical 3-4V materials are Li Mn02 (0 < x < 1), Li VO , LixCo02,... 

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