Transistor Technologies

The immense importance of Si in transistor technology stems from the chance discovery of the effect in Ge at Bell Telephone Laboratories, New Jersey, in 1947, and the brilliant theoretical and practical development of the device by J. Bardeen, W. H. Brattain and W. Shockley for which they were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physics. A brief description of the physics and chemistry underlying transistor action in Si is given in the Panel (p. 332). 

Mitzi, D. B. Copel, M. Murray, C. E. Kosbar, L. L. Afzali, A. 2005. Thin-film transistors based on spin-coated chalcogenide semiconductor channels. Proceedings—Electrochemical Society, 2004-15 (Thin Film Transistor Technologies (TFTT VII)). pp. 189-199. 

Researchers (Benilova et al., 2006 Arkhypova et al., 2008) are developing a biosensor-based pH-sensitive field-effect transistor technology for rapid determination of glycoalkaloids. The test takes advantage of the anticholinesterase activity of the glycoalkaloids. These tests could hold great promise, analogous to the ELISA test mentioned above. 

Brandt, N., Fischer, T., Fugmann, U., Hahn, U., Hubler, A. and Zielke, D., Offset Printed Functional Polymer Structures for Transistors, Technologies for Polymer Electronics - TPE 04 (TITK). Internationales Symposium, Rudolstadt, 2004. 

The immense importance of Si in transistor technology stems from the chance discovery of the effect in Ge at Bell Telephone Laboratories, New Jersey, in 1947, and the brilliant theoretical and practical development of the device by... 

Lovinger, A.J. and Rothberg, L.J., Elechically active organic and polymeric materials for thin-film-transistor technologies, J. Mater. Res. 11, 1581-1592, 1996. 

The performance of STN (supertwisted nematic)-mode LCDs has been improved so far that STN displays can be used for many applications with low and high informational content [1], In particular, in price-sensitive applications they have proven to be competitive with the progressive TFT (Thin Film Transistor) technology. However, the usage of reasonable film-compensated STN displays has almost been restricted to environments with rather stable surrounding temperatures, which still is an obstacle for their widespread use, e.g. for car equipment or mobile applications. 

Mass production requirements developed the flotation soldering process, whereby preassembled circuit boards are floated on a bed of molten solder, which automatically completes aU solder connections at once with a high degree of consistency. This has become the most important means of circuit board production since the development of transistor technology, being highly compatible with mechanization and automation and with the physical shapes and dimensions of integrated circuit (IG) chips and other components. 

See also Applied Mathematics Applied Physics Computer Engineering Computer Science Electrochemistry Electronic Materials Production Electronics and Electronic Engineering Graphics Technologies Liquid Crystal Technology Nanotechnology Quality Control Surface and Interfece Science Transistor Technologies. 

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