Transgenic construct

Advanced NMR techniques have resulted in the elucidation of novel lignin structures, involving, for example, the benzodioxan structure involving [3-0-4 and a-O-5 linkages between two monolignol residues (1.89 Ralph et al., 2001 Marita et al., 2003). In addition, NMR has been used to determine the impact of mutations and introduction of transgenic constructs on lignin subunit composition (Ralph et al., 1997 Marita et al., 1999 Marita et al., 2003). 

Fig. 1. Transgenic constructs. A map of the transgene constructs used to generate the various lines of mice that resulted in endogenous expression of an EGFP-tagged a - AR. To drive endogenous expression, 3.4- and 4.4-kb mouse promoter fragments were used for the a1B- and a1A-AR, respectively. The EGFP, a fluorescent protein, was placed inframe after the stop codon of the wild-type human a1B-AR and a1A-AR cDNAs. SV40 polyA sequence was used to increase stability of the mRNA.

FIGURE 7.4 Creation of VP-PXR transgenic mice. Schematic representation of the Alb-VP-hPXR transgene construct, and transgene expression in the liver of transgenic mice. 

FIGURE 7.5 Creation of FABP-VP-hPXR transgenic mice, (a) Schematic representation of the transgene construct. (b) Northern blot analysis shows that the VP-hPXR transgene is expressed in the liver and throughout the intestinal tract. The membrane was probed with hPXR cDNA, mPXR, and GAPDH for the loading control. 

Figure 8.2. Distribution of the Polycomb protein at section 43-49 of the second chromosome visualized with enzyme-conjugated (HRP) secondary antibodies. (Top) Chromosome with a transgene construct containing a Polycomb-binding site (PRE) at 44E (arrowhead) (bottom) wild-type chromosome.

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