Transgenic animals generation

An attempt to organize information on transgenic animals and targeted mutations generated and analyzed worldwide.)... 

The production of heterologous proteins in transgenic animals has gained much attention in the recent past. The generation of transgenic animals is most often undertaken by directly microinject-ing exogenous DNA into an egg cell. In some instances, this DNA will be stably integrated into... 

Fig. 1. Outline of the generation of transgenic mice via pronuclear microinjection. Transgenic animals carry the transgenes randomly integrated (hemizygous, tandems, dominant).

The equipment and experimental procedures used to generate transgenic animals are accurately described in laboratory handbooks by Hogan et al. (1986) and Wassarman and De Pamphilis (1993). 

Antibodies are expressed by hybridoma cells formed by cell fusion of sensitized animal or human B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, or they are generated by EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) transformation of sensitized B lymphocytes. Other heterologous expression systems such as bacteria, yeast, insect cells, and mammalian cells have also been used for expression of antibodies and their fragments. However, because of renaturation problems, glycosylation, and expression levels, mammalian cells are mostly used for the expression of monoclonal antibodies. More recently, technologies have been extensively developed for the expression of antibodies in transgenic animals and transgenic plants. 

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