Winding techniques transformer

Figure 3-68 The transformer winding technique for design example 3.15.3.

Figure 11-5 reveals two low-noise construction techniques, as applied to a typical flyback transformer. We should compare the right-hand electrical schematic with its equivalent winding version to the left. In the discussion below, we note that though transformers with split windings are not being explicitly discussed here, the same principles can be easily extended and applied to them, too. Here are some observations ... 

An interesting alternative technique was discussed by Harris, et al. (11) who made a contactless measurement. A toroidal specimen is formed of the superconductor and is used as the tertiary winding of a small ferrite transformer. Signals from the secondary yield the resistivity in the normal state. Measurements were made at a 20 kHz frequency. 

Atmospheric turbulence plays an important role in the estimation of concentrations of air pollutants at locations near the pollution source and on larger scales. This problem can be broken down into four parts estimation of plume rise, transport, dispersion, and transformation. Plume rise depends partly on meteorological variables such as wind speed and stability, partly on exit speed and temperature of the pollutants, and partly on the source diameter. Many techniques exist for estimating plume rise, and turbulent entrainment into the plume is one factor that must be considered. However, in this case, the turbulence arises from the motion of the plume itself and is not natural turbulence. Natural turbulence may eventually play a role in mixing the plume to cause it to level off. 

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