Transducers molecular recognition

Nutiu, R. and Y. Li (2004). Structureswitching signaling aptamers transducing molecular recognition into fluorescence signaling. Chemistry 10, 1868-1876... 

Penza M, Alvisi M, Rossi R, Serra E, Paolesse R, D Amico A, Di Natale C. Carbon nanotube films as a platform to transduce molecular recognition events in metallopoiphyrins. Nano-technol 2011 22 125502/1-/1125502. 

There are three advantages to study molecular recognition on surfaces and interfaces (monolayers, films, membranes or soHds) (175) (/) rigid receptor sites can be designed (2) the synthetic chemistry may be simplified (J) the surface can be attached to transducers which makes analysis easier and may transform the molecular recognition interface to a chemical sensor. And, which is also a typical fact, this kind of molecular recognition involves outside directed interaction sites, ie, exo-receptor function (9) (see Fig. 5b). 

The use of additional membranes, which selectively convert nonionic analytes into ionic species that can be determined via ISEs is another common approach. An abundance of ingenious designs make use of biocatalysts for the development of potentiometric biosensors. Much of the earlier designs have made use of enzymes as the molecular recognition element. The products that are associated with such enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be readily monitored with the potentiometric transducer by coating the traditional electrodes with the enzyme. 

These results illustrate how extended supramolecular-polymolecular entities build up through molecular recognition directed polyassociation of complementary components. They also show that molecular chirality is transduced into supramolecular helicity, which is expressed at the level of the material on nanometric and micrometric scales, amounting to a sort of size amplification of chirality. 

A DNA-electrochemical biosensor is formed by a DNA film, which constitutes the molecular recognition element (the probe), directly immobilized on the electrochemical transducer. The performance, sensitivity and reliability of the DNA biosensor and the electrochemical response are dictated by the DNA immobilization procedure. The DNA biophysical properties, such as flexibility, and DNA-drug interactions, are influenced... 

However, regarding the molecular recognition of food residues, immunological reagents are mainly used as molecular receptor in order to obtain a useful signal after the immunological reaction on the transducer element [49,50]. 

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