Tracer modeled

The simulation of the X-ray transform is implemented by the simple linear ray tracer model given by ... 

To prepare simulated free-of-noise 3D images of a complex body For this target the image of an internal pore in the real welding joint with extracted noise was used. The ray tracer model was applied for the simulation of five projections of the selected image. 

Fung, I. Y. (1986). Analysis of the seasonal and geographical patterns of atmospheric CO2 distributions with a three-dimensional tracer model. In "The Changing Carbon Cycle A Global Analysis" (J. R. Trabalka and D. E. Reichle, eds), pp. 459-473. Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Fung, I. Y., Prentice, K. C., Matthews, E., Lerner, J. and Russell, G. (1983). Three-dimensional tracer model study of atmospheric CO2 Response to seasonal exchanges with the terrestrial biosphere, /. Geophys. Res. 88,1281-1294. 

The samples were analyzed for trace metals and sulfate as well as for three fractions of particulate organic matter (POM) using sequential extraction with cyclohexane (CYC), dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone (ACE). Factor analysis was used to identify the principal types of emission sources and select source tracers. Using the selected source tracers, models were developed of the form POM = a(V) + b(Pb) + - - -, where a and b are regression coefficients determined from ambient data adjusted to constant dispersion conditions. The models for CYC and ACE together, which constitute 90% of the POM, indicate that 40% (3.0 pg/m ) of the mass was associated with oil-burning, 19% (1.4 pg/m ) was from automotive and related sources and 15% (1.1 pg/m ) was associated with soil-like particles. 

Beuck H, Quass U, Klemm O, Kuhlbusch TAJ (2011) Assessment of sea salt and mineral dust contributions to PM10 in NW Germany using tracer models and positive matrix factorization. Atmos Environ 45(32) 5813-5821... 

Multistage CSTR Since tubular reactor performance can be simulated by a series of CSTRs, multistage CSTR tracer models are useful in analyzing data from empty tubular and packed-bed reactors. The solution for a tracer through n CSTRs in series is found by induction from the solution of one stage, two stages, and so on. 

C. Beckers, A. Goffinet, A. Bol (Eds.), Positron Emission Tomography in Clinical Research and Clinical Diagnosis. Tracer Modelling and Radioreceptors, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1989... 

DeWalle D. R., Swistock B. R., and Sharpe W. E. (1988) Three-component tracer model for stormflow on a small Appalachian forested catchment. J. Hydrol. 104, 301-310. 

Fung I., Prentice K., Matthews E., Lerner J., and RusseU G. (1983) Three-dimensional tracer model of atmospheric CO2 ... 

Figure 6.9 Elution curve for W-tracer modelling the seaborgium separation in ARCAII using a solution of 0.1 M HNO3/5 x 10" 4 M HF with a flow rate of 1 ml min-1. The 1.6 x 8 mm columns are filled with the cation exchange resin Aminex A6. Reproduced with permission from Schadel etal. (1997b). 1997 R. Oldenbourg Verlag.

Heimann, M. (1995). The TM2 tracer model, model description and user manual, pp. 47. German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). 

Zimmermann, P. H. (1989) A handy global tracer model, in Proceedings of the I7th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Applications, edited by H. van Dop. Plenum, New York, pp. 593-608. 

Two dimensional gyre-scale tracer models have been fruitfully applied to observed isopycnal tri-tium- He and chlorofluorocarbon patterns. As shown in Figure 4, recently ventilated water (nearzero tracer age) enters the thermocline on the pole-ward side of the gyre and is swept around the clockwise circulation of the gyre (for a Northern Hemisphere case). Comparisons of model tracer patterns and property-property relationships constrain the absolute ventilation rate and the relative effects of isopycnal advection versus turbulent mixing by depth and region. 

Koch et al. (1996) using a three-dimensional chemical tracer model similar to that of Balkanski et al. (1993) calculated a tropospheric aerosol residence time of 9 days for aerosols at different latitudes from 80° S to 80°N. The respective residence time of Be aerosols was 21 days reflecting the high altitude versus low altitude source regions of these two tracers. They also found that the tropospheric residence time is a function of latitude (Balkanski et al., 1993) according to Equation (4.2). 

Model 970A variable wavelength (Tracer) Model 1202 variable wavelength (Laboratory Data Con-... 

Other types of tracer model do not seek to impose a compartmental structure but instead determine a combination of kinetic components which best fit the data. For example the technique of spectral analysis views the tissue response (CjjJ as a convolution between the plasma/blood input (Cp) and a large but finite range of so-called basis functions of the form yexp(-6r) where t is time ... 

Chelatable lead is widely accepted as representing removal from soft tissue (e.g., Chisolm and Barltrop, 1979), but some mobilizable compartment for lead storage in bone must also be providing a sizeable contribution. Evidence for the bone source includes (1) the age dependency of chelatable lead in non-occupationally exposed subjects, whereas lead in soft tissue is rather invariant with age (Araki, 1973 Araki and Ushio, 1982) (2) experimental animal (Hammond, 1971, 1973) and in vitro bone culture data (Rosen and Markowitz, 1980) showing removal of lead from bone and (3) the tracer modelling data of Rabinowitz et al (1977), which define a bone compartment for lead which is kinetically well mixed with those for blood and soft tissue. 

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