Toxicity studies structural alerts

In several studies of toxicity, no adverse effects were documented in monkeys or humans. Taking into account data showing that lutein was not genotoxic, had no structural alert, did not exhibit tumor-promoting activity, and is a natural component of the body (the eye), the Scientific Steering Committee concluded there was no need for a study of carcinogenicity. 

Exposure to certain aromatic amines, some of which are considered potent mutagens, is associated with an increased risk of cancer. N-nitroso- or aromatic amine functional groups serve as structural alerts and are used to prioritize new chemicals for greater study under the Toxic Substances Control Act. Variations on the location and number of amine groups as well as the number of aromatic... 

With the exception of trovafloxacin, none of the other drugs in the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics have been associated with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. From a structure-toxicity standpoint, it is interesting to note the presence of the cyclopropylamine structural alert at the C7 position of the fluoroquinolone scaffold in trovafloxacin. Studies with a model compound have revealed cyclopropylamine ring bioactivation by CYP and myeloperoxidase to a reactive a,P-unsaturated aldehyde trapped as a sulfydryl conjugate... 

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