Toxic Industrial Compounds, TICs

All what applies to CW agents is basically also true for toxic industrial compounds (TIC) like pesticides, etc. Organophosphorus pesticides are used extensively to control agricultural pests. Similary to nerve agents, they inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) [8]. Expositions mainly might occur in pesticide production plants and dnring their application in forestry, agriculture, and horticulture. Chemically similar compounds are used as flexibilizers or additives in lubrication solvents. 

List of High Hazard TICs. ITF-25 was tasked to rank chemicals according to their hazard index. ITF-25 considered that for a given chemical to present a hazard in a military situation, the chemical must be present in sufficient quantity in the area of concern, must exhibit sufficient toxicity by inhalation and must normally exist in a state which could give rise to an inhalation hazard. The following is a list of toxic industrial chemicals that received a high hazard index ranking. See USACHPPM TG 230 for the toxicity values associated with these and other toxic industrial compounds that may be encountered in the field. 

Abbreviations OCP organic conjugated polymer, PC phthalocyanine, MPC metallophthalocyanine, CNT carbon nanotube, VOC volatile organic compound, CWA chemical warfare agents, TIC toxic industrial compound, OTFT organic thin film transistor, SPR surface plasmon resonance, PL photoluminescent... 

Typical examples of concentrations of regulated exposure are presented in Table 1.6 for three groups of toxic volatiles such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and chemical warfare agents (CWAs). These examples demonstrate the need for gas-sensing capabilities with broad measurement dynamic ranges to cover two to four orders of magnitude in gas concentrations. 

Toxic industrial compounds or chemicals (TICs) have received more attention in recent years mainly because of the fear of terrorist acts. Although they are much less deadly than conventional CWAs, terrorists can easily gain access to large... 

More than 60 chemical compounds were tested during World War 1, but only a few found extensive use as chemical weapons. The most notable were chlorine, phosgene, hydrogen cyanide, arsines and mustard gas. The vesicant Lewisite which had quicker actions than mustard gas was produced in 1919 and not used during the war. Of these compounds, it is noteworthy that three of them are toxic industrial chemicals (TIC) and are stiU being produced in large quantities by the chemical industry today. 

TIC include lung-damaging agents (chlorine and phosgene are both used widely in the chemical industry), perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) and isocyanates. All these compounds can lead to toxic pulmonary oedema at the alveolar level. In addition, there are many respiratory irritant agents which cause effects on the upper airways such as ammonia and hydrogen chloride and agents such as sulphur dioxide and toluene diisocyanate which cause severe bronchoconstriction. 

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