Toxaphene nomenclature

Fig i Structures of major recalcitrant chlorobornanes in toxaphene, B8-1413 (Parlar 26) and B9-1679 (Parlar 50). Nomenclature of these chlorobornanes is described by Andrews and Vetter [9]... 

Andrews, R Vetter, W., A systematic nomenclature system for toxaphene congeners. Part 1 Chlorinated bornanes Chemosphere 1995, 31, 3879-3886. 

Keywords, toxaphene, chlorobornane, nomenclature, identification, separation, toxicity, congener-specific, biota, sediment. 

The complex composition of toxaphene also creates nomenclature problems. Initially, toxaphene was the trademark of the product manufactured by the Hercules Inc. However, due to the non-restricted use of the trademark, toxaphene has become a general term for this pesticide. Further frequently applied terms were camphechlor , polychlorinated bornanes , camphenes , and ter-penes , as well as chlorobornanes . The expression toxaphene is not the same as the trademark Toxaphene , since residues in the environment may also originate from other technical products (see Table 2). Toxaphene is the reaction product of the chlorination of technical camphene is a suitable definition of the expression used in the scientific language [27]. Owing to the problems with abbreviations as described below, toxaphene will be used in the following chapters as a synonym for the compounds of technical toxaphene. 

As mentioned before, most toxaphene components are chiral. Polychlorinated bornanes contain a plane of symmetry. The structures of enantiomers are generated by reflection of the substituents at C2, C3, and C9 with those at C6, C5, and C8, respectively (see Fig. 4). Consequently, enantiomers of chlorinated bornanes have a different nomenclature which causes additional troubles with naming [71,83]. 

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