Total signal

As before, we note that the resonance frequency of a nucleus at position r is directly proportional to the combined applied static and gradient fields at that location. In a gradient G=G u, orthogonal to the slice selection gradient, the nuclei precess (in the usual frame rotating at coq) at a frequency ciD=y The observed signal therefore contains a component at this frequency witli an amplitude proportional to the local spin density. The total signal is of the fomi... 

In the absence of an interferent, the total signal measured during an analysis, Sjneas) is a sum of the signal due to the analyte, and the signal due to the reagents, Sn... 

Figure 17. The total signal versus the relative phase of the laser fields for the case of no pure dephasing (solid curves) and for = 30 fs (dashed curves). The pulsewidth for the two cases is varied as follows (a) 4fs (circles) and 30 fs (diamonds) and (b) 150 fs (squares) and 200 fs (triangles). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 48, Copyright 2006 American Institute of Physics.)...

The dissociation of 7 (Scheme 5) from poly[(G-C)] showed three relaxation times and the amplitude corresponded to the total signal, while the dissociation of 7 from poly[(A-T)] was faster and only two relaxation times, corresponding to 70% of the total signal were observed in the stopped-flow experiment. The biological activity of this class of molecules was correlated to the presence of four relaxation times when the dissociation process is measured with DNA, in particular the presence of the long-lived component of hundreds of milliseconds.86,104 105,132 143 The difference in the dissociation kinetics observed with the two polydeoxynucleotides indicates that intercalation into G-C sites is responsible for the biological activity. The dissociation of 7 from ct-DNA led to four relaxation times, a result that is in line with the relaxation times observed with poly[(G-C)] and poly[(A-T)]. 

Fraction of the total signal change that is slower than the time resolution of the experiment. 

Fig. 10.16 Measurement of different HSV 1 concentrations and detection in serum, (a) Phase change measured for different concentrations of HSV 1 sample solutions in PBS applied in the measuring channel of the YI sensor (filled triangle). Solid line is a linear fit of the experimental data, ip represents the phase change measured for HSV 1 diluted in serum (see Fig. 16b), dashed line indicates the phase detection limit of the sensor, (b) Sensor response due to the binding of HSV 1 diluted in serum. Final concentration of HSV 1 was 105 particles/ml. The total signal is estimated to be A

Defects in the transmitter path may cause total signal loss, increased I, noise or diamond patterns. Problems with the frequency control unit or the synthesizer will lead to no signal or amplitude or phase instabilities. Random variations in amplitude or phase will increase q noise. A more subtle point arises when the phase presetting time is too short such that the... 

The total signal S(l) is obtained by integrating over the whole sample volume... 

The modulus data are then used to estimate the total signal amount by means of various algorithms. The simplest one uses the average of the modulus over a pre-defined data-array window. 

In the case where the data matrix M is square, the SVD reduces to the classic eigenvector problem. It is important to note that the vectors in are ordered in descending order of their contribution to the total signal variance of the system. 

FIGURE 9.7 Schematic of an in-line interferometer. The anti-Stokes local oscillator field is collinearly overlapped with the pnmp and Stokes beams on a dichroic mirror (DM). All fields are focused by a microscope objective (MO) into the sample (S), and the total signal at the anti-Stokes frequency is detected throngh a spectral bandpass filter (F) at the photodetector. 

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