Total fast

Protein (total) Fast green pH2 Ninhydrin—Alloxan Schiff s Mercuric-bromphenol blue... 

Snoke and Nordlie (82, 83) have extended these studies of Duttera et al. (87) to include PPS-glucose phosphotransferase as well as glucose-6-P phosphohydrolase activity of the enzyme and have also noted essentially parallel progressive losses of both activities concomitant with release of acid-soluble phosphate resulting from phospholipase C action. A partial (fed animals) or total (fasted rats) restoration of both activities was effected by phospholipid supplementation of phospholipase-treated preparations. However, as indicated by detailed studies of catalytic properties of the various preparations, the enzyme was not restored to its... 

Cohurn SP, Thampy KG, Lane HW, Conn PS, Ziegler PJ, Costill DL, Mahuren JD, Fink WJ, Pearson DR, Schaltenhrand WE, et al. (1995) Pyridoxic acid excretion during low vitamin B-6 intake, total fasting, and hed rest. American Joumai ofCiinicai Nutrition 62,979-83. 

The second Half of this chapter concerns material of a less biochemical and a more nutritional nature. Three types of proteiir nutrition are illustrated by studies with humans (1) the total fast, (2) the carbohydrate-only fast, and (3) a diet intended to maintain nitrogen balance. 

FIGURE S.19 (A)Total urinary nitrogen and (B) urinary nitrogen as urea and ammonia. Totai urinary nitrogen decreases with transition from total fast to fructose-only fast. fRe-dravm with permission from Gelfand and Sherwin, 1 86 )... 

Total fitet As far as pn lein nutrihon is concerned, the total fast is the most severe condition, During a total fast, the loss of urinary nitrogen is equivalent to about 80 g of the body s proteins. 

The protein requirement of the adult human was determined as follows. Ordinarily, the lequirement might be assumed to be equivalent to the amount of protein excreted in the form of urea and ammonia during the total fast. In the real world, however, humans consume carbohydrates. These carbohydrates arc usually present in abundance. Hence, calculation of the protein requirement uses, as a starting point, the value of the obligatory N losses with the carbohydrate-containing, protein-free diet. 

Fisler, J, 5., and Drenick, E. J. (1984). Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balances during very low calorie diets of soy or collagen protein in obese man Comparison to total fasting. Am. . Ctin. NuSr, 40, 14-25. 

Figure 3.5. Schematic fast variable reaction coordinate potentials. (A) Short time frozen solvent [14,23] regime. At the shortest times typical reactions conform to Eq. (3.36), and thus are driven by the instantaneous potential V(S x) = gas phase potential t/(x) + cage potential v S-,x). The double well form of F(S .v) reflects the frozen solvent s capacity to transiently confine the solute. (B) Partially relaxed regime. At longer times, the short time picture of Eq. (3.36) breaks down due to a solvent relaxation [11,16] aimed at restoring thermodynamic equilibrium. This relaxation converts the instantaneous potential into the less confining total fast variable potential that can further drive the solute toward products.

The energy dissipated in elastic collision is at least two orders of magnitude lower for gamma and beta radiation than for the others. The total fast-neutron and fission recoil doses... 

It can be expected that total fast or a low-calorie diet, which effectively inhibit cholesterol synthesis in man (11,88,139,141), would dramatically reduce the serum cholesterol level during interrupted enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Occasionally, this has turned out to be true (139) (see Fig. 2), but frequently a moderate or even only a negligible further fall is seen (11,88)... 

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