Toroid resonators

Another class of toroidal NMR probes is formed by toroid cavity detectors (TCD) [31]. These TCD have been mounted into cylindrical metallic autoclaves to study spin relaxation effects of gases under pressure [31]. If the toroid cavity detector is the metallic pressure vessel itself it is called a toroid cavity autoclave (TCA) probe [32, 33]. These probes can be tuned to higher resonance frequencies than TCDs and also show better spectral resolution [29]. Figure 2.12 shows the design of a TCA where the autoclave body is built from phosphorus bronze [33] keeping the field distortions of the magnetic field Bq, induced by susceptibility mismatches... 

Relative contributions of T-odd densities to a given mode should obviously depend on the character of this mode. Electric multipole excitations (plasmons in atomic clusters, E giant resonances in atomic nuclei) are mainly provided by T-even densities (see e.g. [19]). Instead, T-odd densities and currents might be important for magnetic modes and maybe some exotic (toroidal,. ..) electric modes. 

In the previous subsection, the forcing frequency was exactly twice the natural oscillatory frequency. Thus the motion around one oscillation gives exactly two circuits of the forcing cycle for one revolution of the natural limit cycle. The full oscillation of the forced system has the same period as the autonomous cycle and twice the forcing period. The concentrations 0p and 6r return to exactly the same point at the top of the cycle, and subsequent oscillatory cycles follow the same close path across the toroidal surface. This is known as phase locking or resonance. We can expect such locking, with a closed loop on the torus, whenever the ratio of the natural and forcing... 

In the presence of a significant toroidal magnetic field, Type-I migration will be slowed or reversed due to additional resonances associated with the magnetic field (Terquem 2003). If the disk is turbulent due to MRI, overdense regions will exert torques on a planet s orbit that may be at least as large as those generated in a... 

Figure 3.2-5 A toroid cavity resonator (O.D. = outer diameter, L, = total inductance, Lj = inductance of individual turn, n = number of turns).

R 527 H. G. Niessen, P. Trautner, R. Backhausen and K. Woelk, Recent Developments in Toroid Cavity Autoclave Engineering , Concepts Magn. Reson., 2003,16B, 15... 

Invariant toroidal manifolds and resonances on discrete dynamical systems. Ukrain. Mat um., 27, (1975), 167-182. 

Major ion trap developments have occurred over the last 15 years. In 1995, Bier and Syka patented the use of the mass selective instability scan from high-charge-capacity ion trap geometries such as the linear quadmpole ion trap (LQIT), toroidal trap (TQIT), curved or banana traps (CQIT), and elliptical traps (EQIT). The LQIT with radial ejection was eventually commercialized in 2002, and it is used as a stand-alone mass analyzer and has been combined with QMFs, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT ICR), and the orbitrap to form hybrid instmments. The LQIT analyzer has eclipsed the conventional ... 

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