Top-point

The circulation pump should be a centrifugal type with a plastic or PVC impellor, or cast iron with adequate corrosion inhibitor. The acid tank, hoses, and other equipment should be connected to and from the boiler using suitable connection points. This usually is the bottom BD connection (with the valve removed) and the open manhole as the top point. 

The top point of the operating line is given by li = 328 K, and Hoi is found to be 76.5 kJ/kg (Figure 13.19). From Figures 13.4 and 13.5 the curve representing the enthalpy of saturated air as a function of temperature is obtained and drawn in. Alternatively, this plot may be calculated from ... 

Fig. 16. Panorama of values in the literature for diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in silicon and for other diffusion-related descriptors. Black symbols represent what can plausibly be argued to be diffusion coefficients of a single species or of a mixture of species appropriate to intrinsic conditions. Other points are effective diffusion coefficients dependent on doping and hydrogenation conditions polygons represent values inferred from passivation profiles [i.e., similar to the Dapp = L2/t of Eq. (95) and the ensuing discussion] pluses and crosses represent other quantities that have been called diffusion coefficients. The full line is a rough estimation for H+, drawn assuming the top points to refer mainly to this species otherwise the line should be higher at this end. The dashed line is drawn parallel a factor 2 lower to illustrate a plausible order of magnitude of the difference between 2H and H.

This important selection rnle indicates that interband transitions mnst preserve the wave vector. Transitions that preserve the wave vector (snch as those marked by vertical arrows in Figure 4.8(a)) are called direct transitions, and they are easily observed in materials where the top point in the valence band has the same wave vector as the bottom point in the conduction band. These materials are called direct-gap materials. 

In materials with a band structure such as that sketched in Figure 4.8(b), the bottom point in the conduction band has a quite different wave vector from that of the top point in the valence band. These are called indirect-gap materials. Transitions at the gap photon energy are not allowed by the rule given in Equation (4.29), but they are still possible with the participation of lattice phonons. These transitions are called indirect transitions. The momentum conservation rule for indirect transitions can be written as... 

Put in the axial substituent bonds, up from top points, down from bottom points... 

From these data, the operating line may be drawn in as shown in Fig. 13b and the top point of the operating line is ... 

At the top point of the curved surface, the flow is accelerated to the maximum value, however, the pressure reaches the minimum value. This means... 

Figure 6.35 shows a siphon which will be used to empty water out of a tank. The siphon is made of 10-in pipe 60 ft long. When the water is at its minimum level, as shown, what are the flow rate and the pressure at the top (point A) The bend at the top of the siphon is equivalent to two 90° long-radius elbows. 

Given the pragmatics of the types, it suffices to relate the system variables to Fig. 5. We denote the register-file by RF. For each functional unit FU, rs[FU, 5] denotes slot 5 in its reservation station, while result[FU] stores the result (including producer id as well as the target register) until availability of the cdb. Variable top points to the next instruction that should be dispatched. 

Following the evaluation schema we obtain as result the structure reaction spectraSy (different structural and discretization models. As reference point we used the right top point of the building, see note above regarding the beam structural model. 

Figure 4.5.24. Complex-plane or Nyquist plot for the impedance spectrum of a simple parallel RC circuit, showing top-point characteristic frequency (0= 1/RC.

In the complex-plane representation of the impedance behavior of a parallel RC circuit, it is convenient to identify the maximum (so-called top point ) in the semicircular plot which is at a critical frequency O) = l/RC, the reciprocal of the time constant for the response of the circnit. A similar sitnation arises for a series RC... 

Landslides should be mapped as polygons and points, respectively. Polygon represents boundary of a landslide, and point, especial the top point, means source area of the landslide. 

Consider a circular cylindrical pipe of diameter > = 1 m, descending from a height of H = 200 m over a length Z, = 1 km. At the top (point A), the pressure is measttred at the lowest point in the cross-section, where it equals Pa = 1.94 bar. It is also measttred at the bottom (point B), at the highest point in the cross-section, where the measured value is Pb = 22.45 bar. 

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