Toner-paper bonding

Step 6 Fixing or fusing. The toner image is permanently fixed to the paper using either a heat-and-pressure mechanism (hot-roll fuser) or a radiant fusing technology (oven fuser) to melt and bond the toner particles into the medium (usually paper) being printed on. 

Figure 18 shows a typical roll fusing configuration (100). A 100>m thick sheet of bond paper, bearing an approximately 30 m thick toner pattern enters the zone between a pair of rolls, one of which is compressible, the other rigid. The hot roll briefly presses the toner into... 

One of the interesting aspects of toner particulates is the difficulty in sample preparation, since toner is a waxy solid before it is bonded to a paper substrate. Heat affixing to a metallic substrate such as foil has been used, along with KBr salt plates. Using heat to affix toner to paper was found not to be an issue, except in isolated cases. As with inks, toners could be grouped on the basis of the polymer resins they contain, such as acrylates, methacrylates, polystyrene, and epoxides and corresponding spectral features. 

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