Toluene indigo

Amido-azo-benzene Amido-azo-toluene Aniline black Auramine Bismarck brown Brilliant indigo, 4 G. 

Toluene Dioxygenase Indigo or Prostaglandins from Substituted Benzenes via cis-Dihydrodiols... 

In the dark blue threads, indigo readily was identified by vatting. In addition, a large proportion of indirubine (C.I. 75790), an isomer of indigo, was present. The indirubine was dissolved by acetic ester extraction and was identified by TLC comparison on silica gel with the solvent toluene-acetic acid (9 1). 

In analogous fashion, toluene 2,3-dioxygenase was able to produce indigo using indole-2-carboxylate and indole-3-carboxylate (Eaton and Chapman 1995). 

Other industrial applications of cw-dihydrodiols have also been pursued. Merck has considered using the diol derived fi om indene in the production of the HIV-protease inhibitor indinavir (9). A bioprocess for indigo production was developed by Genencor where the keystep involved the dioxygenation of indole using toluene dioxygenase, summarized in Scheme 3 (10). 

Scheme 3. Toluene dioxygenase mediates the key step in the conversion of indole to indigo in an engineered E. coli strain.

There are over 8000 chemicals that exhibit commercially significant optical properties. Some of these are natural products such as indigo, chlorophyll, and cochineal, but the majority are synthesized in a series of steps involving dye intermediates (any of the 3000 or more organic and inorganic chemicals used as raw material precursors to manufactured dyes, the most important of which are benzene and naphthalene). Coal tar dyes refers to the dyestuffs originating from the complex mix of hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, pyrene, naphthalene, anthracene, etc.) present in coal tar (8007-45-2). Petroleum has succeeded coal as the dominant source of dye intermediates. Dyes, pigments, and dye intermediates include... 

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