Titano-magnetite

The largest titanium reserves in the world are in the form of anatase and titano-magnetite, but these cannot be worked economically at the present time. About 95 % of the world s production of ilmenite and rutile is used to produce TiOz pigments, the remainder for the manufacture of titanium metal and in welding electrodes. 

Taylor (1961) fonnd a maximum of one-third mole percent A1 substitution for Fe within goethite and a maximum of one-sixth substitution was determined for hematite in soils (Schwertmaim et al. 1979). As a product of terrestrial weathering magnetites usually contain minor amounts of Ti(IV) (ionic radius 0.69 A) as a substitution for Fe which is then called titano-magnetite. In contrast, bio-mineralized magnetite is a pure iron oxide. Different colors of iron oxides / oxyhy-droxide are immediately apparent in nature. This holds true for different pure iron oxides, for different grain sizes of one oxide (e.g. goethite) as well as for distinct substitutions for Fe, e.g. by Mn or Cr (Schwertmann and Cornell 1991). The color of synthetic minerals and natural sediment can be quantitatively determined by reflectance spectroscopy (e.g. Morris et al. 1985). 

ENHANCED REDUCTION OF CaFj AND NaF ON VANADIUM TITANO-MAGNETITE CARBON COMPOSITE PELLETS... 

Keywords Vanadium titano-magnetite concentrate. Carbon composite pellets. Additives,... 

Studies on coal based direct reduction processes of vanadium titano-magnetite ore have been carried out. Reduction of ores by carbon is a key metallurgical reaction in coal based... 

Table I. Component Analysis of Vanadium Titano-magnetite (wt.%)...

Reduction Behavior of Vanadium Titano-magnetite Carbon Comtx)site Pellets Without Adding Additives under Different Temperatures... 

Effect of Adding CapT on the Reduction Process of Vanadium Titano-magnetite Carbon Composite Pellets... 

With the addition of 3.0% Cap2 or NaF, the maximum metallization ratio of vanadium titano-magnetite carbon composite pellets in Nitrogen atmosphere could reach up to 94.8% and 92.5%, respectively, all of which were better than 88.5% at 1350 C for 30 min without any additive. 

G. H. Zhang et al., Reduction Kinetics of Vanadic Titano-magnetite in Panzhihua, Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society, 26(2008), 210-216. 

L. H. Zhou and F. H. Zeng, Reduction mechanisms of vanadium titano-magnetite-non-coking coal mixed pellet, Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 38( 1X2011X 59-64. 

Enhanced Reduction of CaF2 and NaF on Vanadium Titano-Magnetite... 

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