Titanium minerals problems

The mineral constituents of the raw cane juice persist in the final molasses. The principal difference in relative amounts of these substances in molasses arises from the use of lime in defecation which causes an increase in calcium. Egyptian cane molasses solids contained 0.66% of titanium.181 The cations are believed to complex with the sugars and to thus inhibit the crystallization of sucrose, which latter is known to form compounds with inorganic salts, such as its well known compound with sodium chloride. Decationization of cane juice with ion exchange resins greatly reduces molasses formation but sucrose inversion is a concomitant problem.182... 

Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817), the son of a country tailor, started his career, as so many great chemists, as a pharmacist s apprentice. He then worked as an assistant in Hannover, Danzig and Berlin in various pharmacies. While Klaproth worked in Berlin the owner of the pharmacy died unexpectedly and Klaproth led the pharmacy until the son came of age. Later Klaproth bought a pharmacy from the dowry of his wife. Meanwhile he was continually occupied with scientific problems, namely with the chemical analysis of minerals. In 1788, he was elected a member of the Scientific Academy in Berlin, and in 18(X) he was charged with leading the chemical laboratory of the Academy. In 1809, he was appointed professor of chemistry at the University of Berlin then founded, and remained in this position until his death. Besides cerium he discovered the elements uranium and zirconium, and he was the first to study thoroughly the metals strontium, titanium and tellurium discovered by others. The name tellurium was given to the element by Klaproth (Szabadvary 1966, p. II7). 

E. Poulsen, "Safety-Related Problems in the Titanium Industry in the Last 50 Years," JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, vol. 52, (2000), 13-17. 

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