Titanium dioxide nickel reaction

It has been involved in many industrial explosions. Explodes on contact with aluminum + barium nitrate + potassium nitrate + water. Forms explosive mixtures with aluminum powder + titanium dioxide, ethylene glycol (240°C), cotton lint (245°C), furfural (270°C), lactose, metal powders (e.g., aluminum, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, tantalum, titanium), sulfur, titanium hydride. Reaction with ethanol + heat forms the explosive ethyl perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition under the proper conditions with aluminum + aluminum fluoride, barium chromate + mngsten or titanium, boron + magnesium + silicone rubber, ferrocenium diammine-tetrakis(thiocyanato-N) chromate(l —), potassium hexacyanocobaltate(3—), A1 +... 

If we compare the possibilities to reduce nickel oxide NiO and titanium dioxide TiOj with carbon at a temperature of 1000 K and atmospheric pressure of oxygen we note that for the reactions... 

Post-reaction STEM examinations were also performed on a series of nickel-titanium oxide specimens which had been treated for 1 h in a flow reactor in 10% hydrogen/argon at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 970 to 1120 K. Prior to removal from the reaction zone, specimens were passivated by cooling to room temperature in flowing argon followed by exposure to a flow of 2% carbon dioxide-argon for 1 h. As will be demonstrated later, careful passivation is necessary to ascertain the corresponding chemical state of the specimen from a post-reaction examination. 

Titanium covered by platinum or by dioxide of manganese, ruthenium, iridium or other substances is most commonly used as an anode. Graphite and graphite covered with lead dioxide have also been used as anodes. Under some conditions, high pH and absence of salts in the anolyte, nickel can be used as the anode. Stainless steel is commonly used as the cathode. If current reversal is employed, the same material, platinized titanium or graphite, is used for both electrodes. Electrode chambers should be flushed with a large flow of rinse solution in order to remove the electrode reaction products. 

---