Titanium, allergy

Titanium allergy can reportedly cause failure of dental implants [80, 81" ] and interfere with the implant/restoration process in artificial joints [82" ]. 

Gingival hyperplasia surrounding the transmucosal portions of titanium implants has been attributed to titanium allergy [86 ]. 

Pigatto PD, Guzzi G, Brambilla L, Sforza C. Titanium allergy associated with dental implant failure. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009 20(8) 857. 

Sicilia A, Cuesta S, Coma G, Arregui I, Guisasola C, Ruiz E, Maestro A. Titanium allergy in dental implant patients a clinical study on 1500 consecutive patients. Clin Oral Implants Res 2008 19(8) 823-35. 

Bernard S, Baeck M, Tennstedt D, Haufroid V, Dekeuleneer V. Chromate or titanium allergy - the role of impurities Contact Dermatitis 2013 68(3) 191-2. 

A. Sicilia, S. Cuesta, G. Coma, I. Arregui, C. Guisasola, E. Ruiz, A. Maestro, Titanium allergy in dental implant patients, Clin. Oral Implants Res. 19 (2008) 823-835. 

Container closure systems required for implantable devices are further restricted by the fact that they are required to be compatible with the formulation over the intended shelf life and therapeutic application time as well as being biocompatible. This means that the system not only must afford protection to and contain the formulation but also cannot cause any potential adverse effects, such as allergy. Typically, implantable systems are composed of biocompatible metals, such as titanium or polymers such as polyethylene glycol or polylactic-co-glycolic acid. 

Basketter DA, Whittle E, Monk B. Possible allergy to complex titanium salt. Coutact Dermatitis 2000 42(5) 310-11. 

Manufacturers of nitinol products are known to electropolish the surface of the nitinol wire to produce an oxidized surface layer that contains only titanium and oxygen. This reduces the potential for nickel allergy and toxicity problems. The alloy MP35N used in the CS/SF device is a quaternary of cobalt, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum, and is known to have high strength and corrosion resistance. Additionally, this metal has been found to be biocompatible and MR compatible. These are all desirable properties for an implantable device, but its nickel content should be noted and considered when dealing with patients who are allergic to nickel. 

Topical solutions Contact allergy has been attributed to topical ammonium titanium lactate 10% [97 ]. 

Titanium salts used in various commercial products may lead to allergic contact dermatitis and irritant dermatitis, resulting in ulceration of the skin. However, the role of impurities cannot be ruled out for the incidence and severity of such allergies [230 ]. 

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