Tissue water content

Hansen, J.I., T. Mustafa, and M. Depledge. 1992a. Mechanisms of copper toxicity in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. I. Effects on Na, K-ATPase activity, haemolymph electrolyte concentrations and tissue water contents. Mar. Biol. 114 253-257. 

Approximately 25% of patients with TIA have cerebral infarction with transient signs in which DWI positivity corresponds to cytotoxic edema this progresses to permanent parenchymal injury and increased tissue water content visible as a lesion on T2-weighted MRI. Approximately 20% of patients have early DWI abnormality but no evidence of later T2-weighted abnormality. This suggests reversibility of the initial DWI abnormality if blood flow is restored early enough to prevent permanent parenchymal injury, as seen in patients with stroke in whom the DWI-detected lesion may regress with reperfusion. 

Brain tissue water content is inversely correlated with X-ray attenuation and can thus be measured with CT (Rieth et al., 1980 Unger et al., 1988 Dzialowski et al.,... 

Dzialowski I, Klotz E, Goericke S, Doerfler A, Forsting M, von Kummer R (2007) Ischemic brain tissue water content CT monitoring during middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in rats. Radiology 243 720-726... 

To determine whether the local tissue water content exerts an influence on the blood flow rate, the rCBF values were plotted against the local tissue water content found in the corresponding brain biopsies. For comparison, the mean of the individual values of the water content of cortex and subjacent white matter were used. A linear regression, with... 

By 24 h, as overall tissue water content increases due to vasogenic edema after dismption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), conventional MRI becomes more sensitive for the detection of parenchymal infarcts. Signal changes... 

The function of hyaluronic acid was initially confined to the maintenance and sta-bihty of the ECM (96). However, the action of hyaluronic acid varies with its size, which determines its function in a cell-type specific manner (97-101). Hyaluronic acid represents more than 50% of the ECM in the skin. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (>1,000 kDa) controls tissue water content, ECM lubrication, structural integrity, free oxygen radicals, and distribution of plasma proteins (96,100,101). The synthesis of hyaluronic acid is achieved by hyaluronan synthase-1 to -3 (102,103). The stability of hyaluronic acid varies with its microenvironment, as its half-life is less than 10 min in blood, up to 12 h in the skin, and extends to months in the vitreous gel of the eye (100,101). Hyaluronic acid is the only GAG with a function of its breakdown molecules, as small hyaluronic acid molecules and fragments stimulated the maturation of dentritic cells and the synthesis of proinflammatory IL-lp, IL-12, and TNF-a (103-105). The latter effect seems to be restricted to an interaction of hyaluronic acid fragments with the Toll-like receptor 4 (104,105). The observation that bacterial spreading in the... 

The problem of derived data is much larger, the variable of interest may be nonelectrical (e.g., tissue water content), derived from electrical variables. Then a new question arises what other variables influence the correlation between the water content and the measured electrical variable This is a selectivity problem and a calibration problem. 

Desiccation of plant tissues presents a shift of the water from the liquid to the vapour phase (Sun, 2002). Temperature influences evaporation, as well as the partial water vapour pressure in the air and the energy status of water in plant tissue, both in dry and hydrated plant tissue. An increase in temperature results in a decrease in the equilibrium water content at a given relative humidity (water activity) or an increase in the equilibrium water activity for a given tissue water content (Fig. 1). Water activity can be described as the effective water content, which is thermodynamically available for various physiological processes in cells. The temperature dependence of the isotherm shift is described by the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation ... 

Table 10.1 The table demonstrates the consistency of the tissue water content in various species, while significant differences can be observed in the local blood flow in different species. Thus, it is influencing the local hydrogen diffusion coefficient...

Various metaUo-ionic systems influencing tissue water content, and physiological sensitivity. 

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