Tissue Japanese

Shikonin [517-89-5] (Cl 75535) occurs as an acetyl derivative in the Japanese shikone, Uthospermum eTythrorhi n another member of the Boraginaceae family. It is the (R)-optical isomer of alkannin (66). Tissue cultures of E. eythrorhi n are used in Japan to manufacture shikonin mainly for cosmetic use (67). Both alkannin and shikonin are mordant dyes producing violet to gray colors on fabrics. In Japan, shikonin was used to dye fabrics a color known as Tokyo Violet. Shikalkin [54952-43-1] the racemate (11), has been synthesized (68). 

FIGURE 11.2 Loss of flocoumafen residues from quail liver. Depletion of radioactivity from Japanese quail after a single oral dose (14 mg/kg). Data are presented as microgram equivalents of/per gram of tissue and are mean values of two animals. Data collected at day 7 and day 12 were from four animals and three animals, respectively (from Huckle et al. 1989). 

Content of carthamin in Indian safflower florets ranges from 0.3 to 0.6% improved methods for extraction from safflower and alternative production by tissue culture reported recently, mainly by Japanese researchers... 

Acatalasemia is a rare hereditary deficiency of tissue catalase and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait (03). This enzyme deficiency was discovered in 1948 by Takahara and Miyamoto (Tl). Two different types of acatalasemia can be distinguished clinically and biochemically. The severe form, Japanese-type acatalasemia, is characterized by nearly total loss of catalase activity in the red blood cells and is often associated with an ulcerating lesion of the oral cavity. The asymptomatic Swiss-type acatalasemia is characterized by residual catalase activity with aberrant biochemical properties. In four unrelated families with Japanese-type acatalasemia, a splicing mutation due to a G-to-A transition at the fifth nucleotide in intron 4 was elucidated (K20, W5). We have also determined a single base deletion resulting in the frameshift and premature translational termination in the Japanese patient (HI6). 

Honda, K., H. Ichihashi, and R. Tatsukawa. 1987. Tissue distribution of heavy metals and their variations with age, sex, and habitat in Japanese serows (Capricomus crispus). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 551-561. 

Tamura, Y., T. Maki, H. Yamada, Y. Shimamura, S. Ochiai, S. Nishigaki, and Y. Kimura.1975. Studies on the behavior of accumulation of trace elements in fishes. HI. Accumulation of selenium and mercury in various tissues of tuna. Tokyo Toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho Nenpo 26 200-204. (In Japanese. Translation available from multilingual Serv., Dept. Seer. State Canada, Fish. Mar. Serv. No. 3994, 1977 11 pp.)... 

Kumagai, Y., Shiokawa, Y., Medsger, T.A.J. and Rodnan, G.P. (1984). Clinical spectrum of connective tissue disease after cosmetic surgery. Observations of eighteen patients and a review of the Japanese literature. Arthr. Rheum. 27 1-12. 

Fig. 10 TLC plate showing degradation of (R)- and (S)-japonilure (upper spots) by esterases from the legs (Leg) and antennae (Ant) of the Japanese beetle. The corresponding hydroxy-acids appear as lower bands. Note the slower degradation of the behavioral antagonist, (S)-japonilure, by sensillar esterase(s) from the antennae. Neither (R)- nor (S)-japonilure is degraded in control experiments (data not shown) under the same conditions, i.e., with the compounds incubated in buffer without Japanese beetle tissue extracts...

During 1935-1945 Professor Tani of Kyushu Imperial University, Japan, surveyed toxicity of various tissues from 19 species of pufferfish inhabiting the surrounding waters of the northern Kyushu Island (Table I) (j, ). He published a book "Toxicological Studies on Japanese Pufferfishes", which is even recently cited by many researchers dealing with TTX. 

On the other hand, some pufferfishes which have not been eaten before, are sometimes marketed in Japan. In our mouse bioassay test a high toxicity was detected in the tissues from Tetraodon alboreti-culatus, one of such pufferfishes 2870 MU/g ovary and 31 MU/g liver ( 5). Thus, re-examination seems to be necessary for toxic potency of the pufferfishes landed from Japanese and adjacent waters. 

Kato I, Mori T, Kumatori T. 1983. Estimated absorbed dose in tissues and radiation effects in Japanese Thorotrast patients. Health Phys 44(Suppl 1) 273-279. 

Sumino K, Hayakawa K, Shibata T, et al. 1975. Heavy metals in normal Japanese tissues Amounts of 15 heavy metals in 30 subjects. Arch Environ Health 30 487-494. 

DC165 Misawa, M. Production of natural substances by plant cell cultures described DC 177 in Japanese patents. Plant Tissue Culture its Bio technol Appl Int Congr 1st 1977 17-26. 

---