Tin, elemental

Thus tin chemical shifts are of considerable use in structural studies. In addition, tin-element coupling constants are easily visible, and particularly in proton and carbon-13 spectra the relevant coupling constant values are of diagnostic use for example both tin-proton and tin-carbon coupling constants show a Karplus-type behaviour. 

TABLE 5. Representative tin-element bond lengths in different coordinations (pm)... 

In a subsequent paper on the use of the Stille reaction to form biaryls,58 the reaction was carried out under ambient conditions to allow robotic automation of the process. Attachment of the tin species to resin was very straightforward, in that 4-tri-n-butylstannylphenyl acetic acid was linked to Rink amide resin simply using a DIC coupling. Loading of this species was determined by tin elemental analysis and correlated with a quantitative ninhydrin test of free amines remaining on the support (Scheme 24). 

Table 8 lists selected tin element stretching frequencies. The mass effect is the donunant influence on the frequencies. 

The name tin comes from the Anglo-Saxon tin, while the symbol comes from the Latin name stannum. Like copper, tin was mined and smelted in antiquity from at least 3500 B.C.E., both for itself and as a component in bronze (80 percent copper/20 percent tin). Elemental tin is uncommon in nature, but the tin ore cassiterite (tin oxide) is found fairly widely. Because one form of tin is very malleable, it has been used for a wide range of domestic products, such as plates and cups, and in more recent times as tin cans and foil. Tin loses it malleability and can actually crumble to powder in temperatures below 13° C, making it a poor choice for many applications. This perishing of tin is called tin disease. Tin has largely been replaced by other materials in domestic applications, but, as an alloy, tin continues to be used in bronze, solder, and pewter and as a glaze for ceramics. 

Cl 77860 Cl Pigment metal 5 EINECS 231-141-8 HSDB 5035 Metallic tin Silver matt powder Tin Tin, elemental Tin flake Tin, inorganic compounds (except oxides) Tin, metal Tin powder Wang Zinn. Element Used In manufacture of tin plate, anodes, corrosion-resistant coatings, manufacture of chemicals, mp = 232° bp= 2507° d 7.31. Atomergic Chemetals Cerac M T Harshaw Noah Cham. ... 

Tin, element 50, has 14 electrons outside of the krypton shell, and nine stable orbitals Ad, 5s, 5p). The five Ad orbitals, which are more stable than the 55 and 5p orbitals, are occupied by five unshared electron pairs. The remaining four electrons may separately occupy the four tetrahedral 5s5p - orbitals, and be used in forming four bonds, tetrahedrally directed. In fact, gray tin, one of the two allotropic forms of the element, has the diamond structure. The tin atoms in gray tin are quadrivalent, as are the carbon atoms in diamond. They have no metallic orbital, and gray tin is not a metal, but is a metalloid. 

Figure 13. Grain boundary fracture surface of the Fe/39fNi steel analyzed in a field emission gun scanning Auger spectrometer showing (a) the secondary electron image, (b) the phosphorus elemental map and (c) the tin elemental map.

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