Time-Area Trade-Off

we make a comparison of the time required to collect a data set of equivalent signal to noise over a similar spatial area (but with very different spatial resolution). The comparisons are made in Table 15.2. To achieve the spatial IRENI, but using the AS-IRM beamline RS, one would require approximately 

Synchrotron Radiation Center) pixel 4 pm X 4 pm, binned pixels 64 0.081 

WF spectromicroscopy (IRENl, Synchrotron Radiation Center) 0.54 pm X 0.54 pm, effective pixel size 64x 64pixels, 34 pm X 34 pm 64 126 s 

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Table 15.2 Time-area trade-off between synchrotron-based raster scanning and widefield...

When starting to develop functional requirements we often observe the tendency to want to automate everything. In fact, there must be trade-offs between cost and benefits. Yes, it is possible to automate just about everything however, the increased time and expense may not be worthwhile. Previous experience on the part of the developer can be very helpful. This is also an area where standardized workstations or modular approaches to automation are useful. 

This maximizes Se (Se l). However, specificity will be minimized as most of the inactive molecules will be in the selection. The situation is reversed in the case where n is very small (n 0). Consequently, one cannot optimize both Se and Sp at the same time and a trade-off is to be determined. If one can choose to rely on one of the above metrics to find an optimum, we have recently advocated the use of a simpler graphical technique which has been adopted as a gold standard in many other research areas the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method [53]. 

In order to create a luminous gas phase that can be utilized in a basketlike tumbler reactor for various monomers, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the center hot electrode to reduce the unbalance in electrode surfaces. The surface area of the center hot electrode and the surface area of the basket are the main issues in this situation because the basket is the primary counterelectrode and any other grounded surface does not play a role in this specific case. The increase of diameter of the center electrode reduces the extent of the unbalance but at the same time reduces the volume in which small-size substrates could be placed. Thus, there is a trade-off point between the electrode diameter and the utilizable basket volume. Roughly 40% of the basket diameter could be a reasonable diameter for the center electrode. 

The two-phase commit protocol has some limitations. One is the performance overhead that is introduced by aU the message exchanges. If the remote sites are distributed over a wide area network, the response time could suffer further. The two-phase commit is also very sensitive to the availability of aU sites at the time of update, and even a single point of failure could jeopardize the entire transaction. Therefore, decisions should be based on the business needs and the trade-off between the cost of maintaining the data on a single site and the cost of the two-phase commit when data are distributed at remote sites. 

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