Tilia japonica

Fern [leaf exudate], Asteraceae [leaf], AR (rat lens) (1-10) Betulaceae [leaf bud exudate] Agastache (EGF-RTK, ITDI) foenicuhim (Lamiaceae) glycosides in Cirsium arven.se (Asteraceae), Tilia japonica (Tiliaceae), [leaf], Linaria vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) [flower]... 

The specimens were treated according to the method of Nakagami and coworkers [17,18]. Japanese linden Tilia japonica Smik.) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride and the fatty acids (TFAA method), which included acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, and palmitic acid. Dynamic measurements were made with a torsion pendulum apparatus under a vacuum. An increasing temperature rate was 2°C/min. The amount of introduced side chain per gram of wood is about 4-6 mmol/g [16]. The chemical structure of the treated wood is presented by the formula ... 

Figure 16 shows relationships between the number of introduced side chains and relaxation rigidity (G,) at 900 s for carboxymethylated wood binding various metal ions [341. Wood specimens were prepared from Japanese linden Tilia japonica Smik.). Carboxymethylation and the introduction of metal ions was the same procedure as mentioned in the previous section [32,33]. Stress relaxation measurements were carried out in an aqueous solution at 30°C. The relaxational property of carboxymethylated wood without metal ions is first discussed. For carboxymethylated wood (a broken line in Fig. 16), Gf (900) decreases with an increase in the number of introduced side chain. This rapid decrease appears to be caused by two factors. One is the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Young s modulus of wood treated with an aqueous solution of NaOH decreases remarkably under wet conditions, especially at concentrations above 10% NaOH [35]. The other factor is the electrostatic repulsion of ionized carboxymethyl groups in carboxymethylated wood, as mentioned in the above section [291. For example, conformation of polypeptide is influenced by the ionization of the side chains, and the structural change of the helix-coil transition has been interpreted as a reversible transformation. Theoretical treatment of the transformation has been reported to explain the mechanism [23-25, 36-43]. The conformation of component molecules in wood, however, cannot change markedly by ionization in comparison with soluble polyelectrolytes in water, because carboxymethylated wood is not dissolved in water. Only space among the main chains is expanded by the electrostatic repulsion due to negatively charged side chains. For these reasons, G (900) of carboxymethylated wood decreases with an increase in the number of introduced side chains.

Fujimoto [56] examined the weathering behavior of Japanese bass wood Tilia japonica) that had been chemically modified with a maleic acid-glycerol (MG) mixture. In a vertical outdoor exposure test, the surface smoothness of MG-treated samples was maintained over an 18-month period and the results suggested that this type of treatment might provide wood products with good exterior performance properties. 

Tilia japonica Simonkai/Shinanuki Tilia japonica Simonkai/Shinanuki Tilia maximowicziana Shirasawa/ Obabodaiju... 

---