Tight applications

It is desirable to place the draw-off nozzle in a portion of the tray floor that is lowered to form a sump. This lowers the height of liquid on the chimney tray by an amount equal to the nozzle diameter and reduces liquid leakage and the mass of liquid that the tray must support. The outlet nozzle should be flush with the sump floor to ensure adequate drainage. This practice is particularly fruitful in leak-tight applications, because it eliminates th> need for weep holes. 

R. Iman et al. have demonstrated formic and acetic to be especially effective for fluxing in the wave-soldering process in conjunction with a tight application of adipic acid, a common food preservative and also a known fluxing agent. However, a water rinse was reqnired to remove the adipic residue. 

Glass is available with good insulating properties. It is comparatively cheap and the technology of its application is well known. Glass offers excellent vacuum tightness and can be joined e.g. with copper or tungsten. 

Mehl M J and Papaconstantopoulos D A 1996 Applications of a tight-binding total-energy method for transition and noble metals Elastic constants, vacancies and surfaces of monatomic metals Phys. Rev. B 54 4519... 

Mazin I I, Papaconstantopoulos D A and Singh D J 2000 Tight-binding Flamiltonians for Sr-filled ruthenates Application to the gap anisotropy and Flail coefficient in Sr2RuO Phys. Rev. B 61 5223... 

Chemical Applications. Chemical analysis can be conveniently accelerated by heating of samples in small pressure-tight plastic containers (168-171). 

Inert gas-filled motors can also be used in refineries and chemical plants, but their applications are limited. They have tightly fitted covers and oil seals around the shaft to minimize gas leakage, are continually pressurized with an inert gas or instrument air, and are equipped with an internal air-to-water heat exchanger. Inert gas-filled motors are suitable for any hazardous location but require auxiliaries such as cooling water, gas pressurizing system, and control accessories. 

Activation by a metal surface also takes place in the commercially important anaerobic adhesives. These one-part adhesives are stable in the package, but cure quickly in an oxygen-free environment such as a tightly controlled bond line. Important applications include thread-locking, sealing, retaining, and some structural bonding [111]. A representative model formulation has recently been described [112] (Fig. 3). 

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