TiCl4 TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE

Rates that are independent of aromatic substrate concentration have been found for reaction of benzyl chloride catalyzed by TiCl4 or SbFj in nitromethane. This can be interpreted as resulting from rate-determining formation of the electrophile, presumably a benzyl cation. The reaction of benzyl chloride and toluene shows a second-order dependence on titanium tetrachloride concentration under conditions where there is a large excess of hydrocarbon. ... 

The eailiest Ziegler-Natta catalysts were combinations of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and diethylaluminum chloride [(CH3CH2)2A1C1], but these have given way to more effective zirconium-based metallocenes, the simplest of which is bis(cyclopentadi-enyl)ziiconium dichloride (Section 14.14). 

The Ziegler-Natta catalysts are prepared from transition metal halides and a reducing agent => the catalysts most commonly used are prepared from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and a trialkylaluminum (R3AI). 

Titanium tetrachloride is an important compound, but neither the +2 or +3 chlorides of titanium are widely used. TiCl4 can be obtained by the reactions... 

Example 2. Type (B). Category 1. It was found by Vesely [2b] that, when isobutene was polymerised by titanium tetrachloride in ethyl chloride at -78 °C in the presence of diethyl ether, the DP rose with increasing concentration of titanium tetrachloride until a maximum value was reached at [TiCl4]/[Et20] approximately unity thereafter it declined... 

Titanium forms three series of salts in which the element is respectively tetra-, tri-, and mono-valent. Thus, titanium and chlorine form titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, titanium trichloride, TiCl3, and titanium monochloride, TiCl. The two last are unstable and readily pass into the higher chloride. Titanium tetrachloride shows a marked resemblance to tin tetrachloride it unites easily with hydrochloric acid in solution, with formation of the complex acid, ehloro-titanic acid, [TiCl6]tI2, and forms many crystalline products with other chlorides. It also unites with ammonia, forming ammines. 

Combustion of TiCl4 and Recovery of Ti02. Titanium tetrachloride is combusted with oxygen at 900-1400 °C to form Ti02 pigment and chlorine (n). The purified TiCl4 is vaporized (k) and the vapor is indirectly heated to ca. 500-1000 °C (1). The reaction... 

Chlorine is useful for the manufacture of many chemical products even though these products themselves contain no chlorine.To create titanium metal, for example, the mineral titanium dioxide is reacted with chlorine to form titanium tetrachloride,TiCl4 (sometimes humorously called "tickle ), which is then reduced by magnesium metal. Mg, as shown in the following equations ... 

Interestingly, titanium tetrachloride is the ink" used by skywriters. When the pilot is ready to maneuver the airplane to spell out words, he or she releases a spray of TiCl4, which reacts with atmospheric moisture to form visibly white titanium dioxide particles. 

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