Thymus nucleate

If the conclusion drawn is correct, a similar behaviour of other negative hydrophilic sols as to the influence of indifferent salts on the relative viscosity was to be expected. Indeed the electroviscous effect has been found to exist in all cases investigated, viz.t gtim arabic soluble starch mucilage of semen lini and of carrageen, sodium thymus nucleate and sodium yeast nucleate. Pecularities shown by some of these examples will be discussed later p. 223 10 and p. 227 11. 

As an example Fig. 24 gives the results for the thymus nucleate sol, the upper curve relating to sols without added salt, the lower to sols containing 5 m, eq. p. 1. KCl. 

In this first concentration range (up to 10% gum arabic) we have therefore once more the same abnormality as already discussed above occurring in agar (Fig. 23), thymus nucleate (Fig. 24) and other sols. It is caused by the presence of the electroviscous effect at low and the self-suppressing of it at high colloid concentrations. 

An interesting feature in the course of the viscosity curves for such cases in which flocculation (or coacervation) accompanies the depression of the electroviscous effect, is the crowding together of these curves. As examples in Fig. 34 we give the influence of some indifferent salts on the relative viscosity of the sodium thymus nucleate sol and in Fig. 35 the same for the carrageen sol ... 

Thus it is interesting to compare the viscous behaviour of yeast nucleate and thymus nucleate. 

Now turning to Na-yeast nucleate, we meet with a colloid which only slightly increases the viscosity of the solvent. Compare Fig. 36, where we see that the 0.83% sol has only a relative viscosity of 1.052 (The 0.1% thymus nucleate however gives i]sMo = 1.45). 

Fig. 36. Neutralisation of the electroviscous effect for a 0.83% sol of Na yeast nucleate (42° C). Beyond 13.3 m. eq. per 1. Luteo—s (= Co(NH3)oCl3) flocculation occurs. This figure should be compared with Fig. 34 from which it appears that, notwithstanding the fact that yeast nucleate belongs to the low viscous, thymus nucleate to the very high viscous type of macromolecular colloids, the character of the bundle of curves is the same and also CoCNHaloClg causes flocculation with both (and this occurs with both with CaClg also at higher concentrations, see p. 270).

It is interesting that yeast nucleate also gives flocculation with Co(NH3)bC13. Later (see p. 395) we shall see that as regards transgression of solubility by adding different cations the low polymeric yeast nucleate and the high polymeric thymus nucleate behave very similarly. 

Then considerable electrical stiffening of the macromolecule may be expected (as was discussed in 11, for thymus nucleate). 

The name indicates that mutually equivalent amounts of electrolyte are necessary. Another example concerns the flocculation of Na thymus nucleate in which besides the above... 

Decreases in the relative weights of the lymph nodes and thymus were noted in male mice following daily dermal exposures for 1 week to 0.1 mL kerosene (Upreti et al. 1989). In addition, thymocyte counts, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymic cortical lymphocytes, and the cellularity of the thymic lobules were decreased. Increases in the cellular populations of the popliteal lymph nodes and the axial lymph nodes were also present. This study is limited because females were not tested. Chronic exposure to 500 mg/kg/day JP-5 induced granulocytic hyperplasia in the bone marrow in male and female mice and hyperplasia in the lymph nodes of female mice (NTP/NIH 1986). Plasmacytosis of the lymph nodes was found to be secondary to dermatitis in mice chronically exposed to 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of marine diesel fuel. 

Curve forms as in Fig. 23, or at least the left descending branch of it, have been found in all sols that were investigated agar, gum arabic, soluble starch, sodium thymus nucleatesodium yeast nucleate and gelatin. ... 

On the upper curve are situated egg lecithin, both soya bean phosphatides thymus and yeast nucleates all having ester phosphate groups. They may be called phosphate colloids. 

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