Threat, overestimation

Overestimation of threat. Overestimating the likelihood of a negative outcome. Response prevention. Blocking avoidance or escape during exposure. 

The goals of protecting public health and establishing a scientifically irrefutable definition of the tolerance limits of trace element exposure are conflicting to a degree since the latter presupposes injury as an endpoint. Therefore, of necessity, errors in setting standards must always be made on the side of overestimating the threat. Since the success of standards enforcement is a function of the soundness of its scientific bases (18), it behooves the scientific community to reduce the error of overestimation. 

As Ct20-j oxidizes substances not oxidized by O2, the COD is usually greater than the BOD and to some extent overestimates the threat posed to oxygen content. 

OTA found two principal threats to validity of the methods used to estimate cash outlays per success 1) the small number of NCEs in the samples, especially in the Hansen study and 2) the reliance on unverifiable cost data that responding companies supplied. Although most companies were capable of estimating the costs associated with discovery and development of particular NCEs with reasonable accuracy, inherent differences in the structure of cost-accounting systems across companies introduce potential inconsistency and bias. More importantly, any company that understood the study methods and the potential policy uses of the study s conclusions could overestimate costs without any potential for discovery. Thus, the motivation to overestimate costs cannot be discounted. 

The second intervention is the complete elimination of hoisting activities of any kind. Table 2 shows the results. The LoC frequency dropped to 11% to 4.95, which is substantial in this case. This large change is mostly due to the fact that all pieces of equipment are prone to this threat. Despite that explanation, current thinking is that this effect may be overestimated in Platypus. 

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