Threat and error management

Heltmeich, R.L., Klinect, J.R. and Wilhelm, J.A. 2001. System Safety and Threat and Error Management The Line Operational Safety Audit (LOSA). Paper presented at the The Eleventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Columbus, OH The Ohio State University. 

Recognize the continuing need for accurate data on threat and error management and ongoing training in threat management and error countermeasures. 

Koglbauer, 1. (2009). Multidimensional approach of threat and error management training for VFR pilots. Unpublished dissertation. Karl-Franzens University of Graz. 

Within the context of error mitigation and amehoration, perhaps the most popular of the recent models is that of Threat and Error Management (TEM). Developed predominantly from Professor Robert Helmreich s laboratory at the University of Texas, the TEM model emphasizes the positive functions involved in the recovery from inevitable error (Helmreich, 2000 Helitneich, Merritt, and Wilhelm, 1999). The TEM model offers a refreshingly honest appraisal of system safety, and sees error as a natural part of everyday expert performance. The model emphasizes the recovery processes inherent in expert performance and the ways in which error is detected and managed. 

Thomas, M.J.W. (2004). Predictors of threat and error management identification of core non-technical skills and implications for training systems design. InternationalJoumal of Aviation Psychology, 14(2), 207-31. 

Targeted observation instrument CORS observers use specially designed observation materials based upon the Threat and Error Management Model, and target external threats, crew errors, how these are detected and managed, and actrral outcomes. Observers record and code events according to threat and error code fists specifically developed for this project by driver representatives and Httman Factors experts. 

Khnect, J.R., Wilhelm, J.A. and Helrmeich, R.L. (1999), Threat and Error Management Data from Line Operations Safety Audits, Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Ohio State Urriversity,... 

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