Thiophene, 2-nitro-, bromination

Dimethoxy- and 5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[6]thiophene undergo bromination, Vilsmeier-Haack formylation, and Friedel-Crafts acetylation in the 2-position (see Section VI, A).189 With nitric acid, however, 5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[6]thiophene affords an unidentified mononitro derivative, which is not the 2-nitro compound.548... 

There is now abundant evidence that benzo[i>]thiophenes containing a strongly electron-withdrawing 3-substituent are nitrated only in the ben-zenoid ring.234,240,241 In contrast, a 2-electron-withdrawing group gives some of the 3-nitro isomer,242 and 2-chlorobenzo[i>] thiophene is brominated entirely in the 3-position.243... 

Benzylic Reactivity. 2,5-Dimethyl-3,4-dinitrothiophen has been condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give 3,4-dinitro-2,5-distyryl-thiophens. " An improved synthesis of 3-nitro-2-styryl-thiophens involves bromination of 3-methyl-2-nitrothiophen with A-bromosuccinimide, followed by a modified Wit-tig reaction. From 2,5-di(chloromethyl)thiophen, the phosphonate was prepared by the Arbusov reaction, which was used for the preparation of 2,5-distyryl-thiophens. Trichloromethyl(thienyl)carbinols have been converted into the corresponding fluoro-derivatives through the reaction with phenyl-tetrafluorophosphorane. The liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of phenyl-(2-thienyl)methane in acetic acid in the presence of cobalt(ll) acetate and sodium bromide has been investigated. ... 

Nitration of 4-(2-thienyl)- (301) and 4-(3-thienyl)-pyrazoles (302) mainly occurs on the thiophene ring, but when acetyl nitrate is used as the nitration agent small quantities of products nitrated on the pyrazole ring are isolated (position of the nitro group uncertain) (80CS( 15)102). Pyrazol-l -ylpyridines (303) undergo electrophilic reactions (bromination, chlorination and nitration) preferentially in the pyrazole ring. Thus, the nitration of (303 R = R = = H) either with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid at 10-15 °C or with... 

Finally, certain 3-substituted compounds can be prepared by utilizing the - meta) directing powet (cf. Section IV,B) of some groups in the 2-position which afterward can be removed. 3-Nitrothiophene is prepared by nitration of 2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride and by removal of the sulfonic acid group of the 4-nitro-2-sulfonyl chloride formed with superheated steam. Another approach to 3-nitrothio-phene is to nitrate 2-cyanothiophene, separate the 4-nitro-2-cyano-thiophene from the 5-isomer, hydrolyze, and decarboxylate. A final method of preparation of 3-nitrothiophene is by simultaneous de-bromination and decarboxylation of 5-bromo-4-nitro-2-thiophene-carboxylic acid obtained through the nitration of methyl 5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxylate. 

From resonance structure (12) it is obvious that a —I—M-substit-uent strongly deactivates the 2-position toward electrophilic substitution, and one would thus expect that monosubstitution occurs exclusively in the 5-position. This has also been found to be the case in the chlorination, bromination, and nitration of 3-thiophenecarboxylic acid. Upon chlorination and bromination a second halogen could be introduced in the 2-position, although further nitration of 5-nitro-3-thiopheneearboxylic acid could not be achieved. Similarly, 3-thiophene aldehyde has been nitrated to 5-nitro-3-thiophene aldehyde, and it is further claimed that 5-bromo-3-thiopheneboronic acid is obtained upon bromination of 3-thiopheneboronic acid. ... 

Bromination (Br2) of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[6]thiophen-4-one affords either a 2-bromo or a 5-bromo derivative, depending on whether the reaction is carried out at 0° in ether,445,446 or at—5 to 0°in 50% aqueous acetic acid.354 The 5-bromo derivative condenses with morpholine or potassium phthalimide to give 140a or 140b, respectively.445, 446 Hydrazinolysis of 140b fails to give any of the 5-amino derivative.445,446 On nitration, the 2-bromo derivative affords the 3-nitro compound or 141 (R = N02), depending on the reaction conditions.354 With sodium azide in PPA the 2-bromo and 2-bromo-3-... 

Further bromination of 3,4,6-tribromo-5-hydroxybenzo[6]thio-phene affords the 2,3,4,6-tetrabromo derivative in the absence of acetate ion, and 3,4,4,6-tetrabromo-4,5-dihydrobenzo[6]thiophen-5-one in the presence of acetate ion. 421 On treatment of 3,4-dibromo-, 4,6-dibromo-, 3,4,6-tribromo-, or 2,3,4,6-tetrabromo-5-hydroxybenzo-[6]thiophene with nitric acid in acetic acid, the corresponding unstable orange crystalline 4-bromo-4-nitro-4,5-dihydrobenzo[6]thio-phen-5-one is obtained.152,421 Hence, once both positions ortho to the hydroxyl group in 5-hydroxybenzo[6]thiophene are occupied by bromine, the properties of these compounds are analogous to the properties of l-bromo-2-naphthol which, on bromination in acetic acid in the presence of acetate ion, affords l,l-dibromo-l,2-dihydro-naphthalen-2-one whereas, in its absence, it affords l,6-dibromo-2-naphthol.616 The behavior of l-bromo-2-naphthol and its derivatives on nitration is similar to that of 4,0-dibromo-5-hydroxybenzo[6]thio-phene and its derivatives.162,616... 

Thiophene, 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-synthesis, 4, 926 Thiophene, iodo-Grignard reagents, 4, 79, 831 photolysis, 4, 832 reactions, 4, 932 with phenyllithium, 4, 831 synthesis, 4, 835, 934 Ullmann coupling reactions, 4, 837 Thiophene, 2-isopropyl-3-methyl-synthesis, 4, 901 Thiophene, mercapto-reactions, 4, 78 stability, 4, 825 synthesis, 4, 80, 835, 930-931 tautomerism, 4, 38, 727 Thiophene, 2-mercapto-5-methylthio-synthesis, 4, 872 Thiophene, 2-methoxy-chloromethylation, 4, 759 Thiophene, 3-methoxy-chloromethylation, 4, 759 Thiophene, 5-methoxy-2,4-dinitro-Meisenheimer complexes, 4, 815 Thiophene, 2-methoxy-5-methyl-Vilsmeier formylation, 4, 759-760 Thiophene, 2-methoxy-3-nitro-reactions, 4, 827 Thiophene, 2-methyl-bromination, 4, 799-800 conformation, 4, 32 HNMR, 4, 730 metallation, 4, 773 synthesis, 4, 885, 887 trifluoroacetylation, 4, 751 Thiophene, 3-methyl-bromination, 4, 799-800 conformation, 4, 32 H NMR, 4, 730 metallation, 4, 60 oxidation, 4, 800... 

Selenophene compounds are also more reactive in nucleophilic substitutions. Thus, 3-nitro- and 5-nitro-2-bromoselenophenes90 react with piperidine faster than do the corresponding thiophenes.91 The effect of electron-accepting substituents on the nucleophilic substitution of bromine located at the 2-position of 3,5-disubstituted selenophenes has been studied, as also has the applicability of the Hammett equation to this piperidino-debromination.92... 

Thiophene possesses the characteristics of aromatic compounds it is converted into nitro compounds by nitric acid, into halogen derivatives by bromine and chlorine, into sulphonic acids by... 

Acetyl- and 3-formylbenzo[6]thiophen have been nitrated under conditions similar to those used for the acid. Although treatment of the 3-acetyl derivative with concentrated nitric acid in acetic acid containing 10% of sulphuric acid led to furoxan formation, reaction with potassium nitrate in concentrated sulphuric acid at 0 °C, or with a cold mixture of fuming nitric acid and acetic anhydride, gave rise to substitution at all four available positions in the benzene ring. Similar results were obtained with the 3-formyl derivative. In addition, with the last-mentioned method, appreciable amounts of deacetylation and deformylation, leading to the 3-nitro-derivative, were observed. Attempted bromination of both 3-acetyl- and 3-formyl-benzo[6]thiophen by means of bromine in acetic acid failed. ... 

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