Thickening note

Fig. 2. Solution-grown lozenges of linear polyethylene heated, on a carbon substrate, until they had begun to thicken. Note that holes are confined to single layers there are none where layers overlay. From Ref. 18.

Fig. 8.19. Computed tomography scan of the chest shows a rounded atelectasis in the left lower lobe associated with a left diffuse pleural thickening. Note the backward displacement of the left fissure compared with the right major fissure, as the evidence of lung volume loss in the surrounding lung. Other findings are the partial interposition of lung between the pleura and the mass and the visible comet tail of vessels and bronchi sweeping into the medial and lateral aspect of the mass...

Polymethacrylates are less soluble than hydrocarbon polymers in mineral oils, they thicken less at low temperatures and are more effective at high temperatures. In this respect, it is important to note that the modification of rheoiogical properties is based on interactions between polymer and oil it will therefore be always dependent of the nature of oil. 

In a 5-I. round-bottom flask, fitted with an efficient mechanical stirrer and surrounded by an ice-salt mixture, is placed a solution of 121 g. (0.5 mole) of pure dry finely-powdered benzoylperoxide (m.p. 104°) (Note 1) in about 1.51. of dry toluene. The temperature should be below —5°. A solution of sodium ethylate, prepared by dissolving 23 g. (1 mole) of sodium in 500 cc. of absolute alcohol, and cooled to o°, is introduced from a separatory funnel while the mixture is vigorously stirred. This operation should not require more than eight or ten minutes. The liquid whitens and thickens considerably on account of the formation of sodium benzoylperoxide. 

Figure 4.4 Effect of a free-radical scavenger M-(2-mercaptoproplonyl)-glycine (MPG) on the recovery of contractile function following 15 min of regional ischaemia in the dog heart, (a) MPG infused 1 min before reperfusion, (b) MPG infused 1 min after reperfusion. Contractile function was assessed as changes in ventricular wall thickening measured using an ultrasonic pulsed-Doppler epicardial probe. Note The free radical scavenger MPG can reduce myocardial stunning only when present during the first minute of reperfusion. Redrawn with permission from Bolli et af. (1989).

Because the batch flux data are obtained in a closed system with no outflow, the net solids flux is zero in the batch system and Eq. (14-40) reduces to FL = —(pV%/ 1 — cp). Note that FL and Vs are of opposite sign, because the displaced liquid moves upward as the solids settle. The relative velocity between the solids and liquid is Vr = Vs — VL which, from Eq. (14-20), is Vr = Fs/(1 — relative velocity that controls the dynamics in the thickener. If the underflow draw-off rate from the thickener is gu, the additional solids flux in the thickener due to superimposition of this underflow is qu = Qu/A = Vu. Thus, the total solids flux at any point in the thickener (qs) is equal to the settling flux relative to the suspension (i.e., the batch flux qsb) at that point, plus the bulk flux due... 

Some synonyms in the Alphabetical index are followed by bracketed notations. These notations provide additional clarifying information about the entry such as composition, modifications to the agents (e.g., thickened, dusty, binary), or a note for historical context. For example, "White Star" was a gas blend that was employed by the British in World War I consisting of 50% phosgene and 50% chlorine. The entry appears as ... 

Side effects noted included rash, erythema, tongue thickening and discoloration, as well as alteration of taste. Kepivance is manufactured and marketed by Amgen Inc. 

FIGURE 1-8 A dendrite (D) emerging from a motor neuron in the anterior horn of a rat spinal cord is contacted by four axonal terminals terminal 1 contains clear, spherical synaptic vesicles terminals 2 and 3 contain both clear, spherical and dense-core vesicles (arrow) and terminal 4 contains many clear, flattened (inhibitory) synaptic vesicles. Note also the synaptic thickenings and, within the dendrite, the mitochondria, neurofilaments and neurotubules. x33,000. 

It should be noted that for shear thinning and shear thickening behaviour the shear stress-shear rate curve passes through the origin. This type of behaviour is often approximated by the power law and such materials are called power law fluids . Using the negative sign convention for stress components, the power law is usually written as... 

It may be noted that, because no further sedimentation occurs below the level of the exit of the thickener, there will at that position be a discontinuity, and the solids concentration will undergo a step change from its value in the suspension to that in the underflow (CH). 

It may be noted that these relations apply only to the washing thickeners and not, in general, to the primary thickener in which the product from the agitators is first separated. 

Fig. 10. Immunoelectrophoretic pattern of serum from a patient with IgA multiple myelomatosis. Monospecific anti IgA was used in the trough. Note the marked thickened abnormal precipitin line at the top portion.

Note that some authorities prefer to use a thickened line to represent a bond projecting towards the reader, and that organic practice is never to indicate a carbon atom in a projection by an atomic symbol. 

The ultramicroscopic examination of a gelatinising sol reveals the presence of very small particles termed ultramicrons, it is assumed on the fibrillar theory that the ultramicrons aggregate to invisible threads or fibrils. As the gelatinisation proceeds the fibrils thicken and lengthen and in many cases may actually be rendered visible by powerful magnification under the microscope. The fibrils are diffused at random in the form of a felt through the material and may, as we have noted, be markedly crystalline in the filamentous, somewhat flexible in the fibrillary and distinctly mobile and flexible in the streptrococcic forms visible under the microscope. 

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