Thiamin triphosphate synthesis

Kaplowitz T. Thiamin triphosphate synthesis in animals. In Kobayashi T, ed. Proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Vitamins and Biofactors in Life Sciences. Tokyo Centre for Academic Publications Japan, 1992 383-6. 

Gangolf, M., Wins, P., Thiry, M., El Moualij, B., and Bettendorlf, L., 2010b. Thiamine triphosphate synthesis in rat brain occurs in mitochondria and... 

In brain, as in most mammalian cells, thiamine occurs predominantly in the form of TDP, the remainder being made up of thiamine monophosphate (10%), thiamine triphosphate (5-10%) and trace amounts of free thiamine. Thiamine is transported into brain and phosphory-lated by the action of thiamine pyrophosphokinase, and inhibition of this enzyme by thiamine antagonists such as pyrithiamine results in decrease synthesis of TDP. Treatment of experimental animals with pyrithiamine results in a generalized reduction of TDP concentrations and an early selective loss in activity of a-KGDH in regions... 

Cooper, J.R. Nishino, K. Enzymatic synthesis of thiamin triphosphate. Methods EnzymoL, 122, 24-29 (1986)... 

Ruenwongsa, P. Cooper, J.R. The role of bound thiamine pyrophosphate in the synthesis of thiamine triphosphate in rat liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 482, 64-70 (1977)... 

Nishino, K. Itokawa, Y. Nishino, N. Piros, K. Cooper, J.R. Enzyme system involved in the synthesis of thiamin triphosphate. I. Purification and characterization of protein-bound thiamin diphosphate ATP phosphoryltrans-ferase. J. Biol. Chem., 258, 11871-11878 (1983)... 

Phosphorylation by ADP, catalyzed by adenylate kinase - this enzyme is especially important in the rapid synthesis and turnover of thiamin triphosphate in slow-twitch white muscle fibers. 

Miyamoto T, Kakizawa T, and Hashizume K (1999) Inhibition of nuclear receptor signalling by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Molecular and Cell Biology 19,2644-9. Miyoshi K, Egi Y, Shioda T, and Kawasaki T (1990) Evidence for in vivo synthesis of thiamin triphosphate by cytosolic adenylate kinase in chicken skeletal muscle./oMrnal... 

The final step in the synthesis of thiamin involves condensation between the hydroxymethylpyrimidine diphosphate andhydroxyethylthiazole monophosphate to yield thiamin monophosphate, which can then be dephosphorylated to free thiamin or phosphorylated further to the diphosphate and triphosphate (Hohmann and Meacock, 1998 Begley et al., 1999). 

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