Thermosensitive poly grafted surfaces

Yoshioka H, Mikami M, Mori Y, Tsuchida E (1993) Preparation of thermoresponsive surfaces using polyvinylchloride-graft-poly(A-isopropylacrylamide). Polym Adv Technol 4 519-521 Yu H, Grainger DW (1993) Thermosensitive swelling behavior in cross.linked N-isopropylacry-lamide networks-cationic, anionic, and ampholytic hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 49 1553-1563... 

Due to the relative ease of control, temperature is one of the most widely used external stimuli for the synthesis of stimulus-responsive bmshes. In this case, thermoresponsive polymer bmshes from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are the most intensively studied responsive bmshes that display a lower critical solution temperature (LOST) in a suitable solvent. Below the critical point, the polymer chains interact preferentially with the solvent and adopt a swollen, extended conformation. Above the critical point, the polymer chains collapse as they become more solvophobic. Jayachandran et reported the synthesis of PNIPAM homopolymer and block copolymer brushes on the surface of latex particles by aqueous ATRP. Urey demonstrated that PNIPAM brushes were sensitive to temperature and salt concentration. Zhu et synthesized Au-NPs stabilized with thiol-terminated PNIPAM via the grafting to approach. These thermosensitive Au-NPs exhibit a sharp, reversible, dear opaque transition in solution between 25 and 30 °C. Shan et al. prepared PNIPAM-coated Au-NPs using both grafting to and graft from approaches. Lv et al. prepared dual-sensitive polymer by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide from trithiocarbonate groups linked to dextran and sucdnoylation of dextran after polymerization. Such dextran-based dual-sensitive polymer is employed to endow Au-NPs with stability and pH and temperature sensitivity. 

Cell-polymer interactions of fluorescent polystyrene (FPS) latex particles coated with thermosensitive PNIPAM and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) or grafted with poly(ethylene oxide)-macromonomer were analyzed by Vihola et al. [131] by modifying the surface of the FPS particles with the thermosensitive polymer gels or with poly(ethylene oxide)-macromonomer grafts. In all the cases, the FPS were surface-modified by polymerization of both thermosensitive monomers and macromonomer onto the surface of the fluorescent particles. The final surface-coated particles have potential biotechnological applications in the form of either stealth-carrier behavior or enhanced cellular contact. 

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