Thermoplastic classification methods

ISO 4433-4 1997 Thermoplastics pipes - Resistance to liquid chemicals - Classification -Part 4 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) pipes ISO 9393-2 1997 Thermoplastics valves - Pressure test methods and requirements - Part 2 Test conditions and basic requirements for PE, PP, PVC-U and PVDF valves ISO 10931-1 1997 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) - Part 1 General... 

ISO 3934 2002 Rubber, vulcanized and thermoplastic - Preformed gaskets used in buildings - Classification, specifications and test methods ISO 4649 2002 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device ISO 4664-1 2005 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of dynamic properties - Part 1 General guidance... 

Polymers can be classified in many ways, such as by source, method of synthesis, structural shape, thermal processing behavior, and end use of polymers. Some of these classifications have already been considered in earlier sections. Thus, polymers have been classified as natural and synthetic according to source, as condensation and addition (or step and chain) according to the method of synthesis or polymerization mechanism, and as linear, branched, and network according to the structural shape of polymer molecules. According to the thermal processing behavior, polymers are classified as thermoplastics and thermosets, while according to the end use it is convenient to classify polymers as plastics, fibers, and elastomers (Rudin, 1982). 

ISO 4433-1 1997 Thermoplastics pipes - Resistance to liquid chemicals - Classification -Immersion test method. 

If we return to our structural classifications and isolate the two ends of the spectrum— linear and highly cross-linked polymers—we find that we can establish still another method of classification based on processibility. Linear polymers can be melted or thermally softened and as such can be termed thermoplastic. On the other hand, the highly cross-linked material cannot be melted or appreciably softened. In fact, such a polymer will thermally decompose or bum before it melts. The highly cross-linked polymers are classified as thermosetting polymers, or thermosets. One further distinction between thermoplastics and thermosets is that the former are generally somewhat soluble whereas the latter are insoluble. Table 1-1 summarizes the two classes. 

The procedures and classifications of these test methods are summarized in Table 3-17. This table is a guide to the more commonly recognized tests for measuring flammability and self-extinguishing characteristics of thermoplastics. It is provided for design engineers who may wish to test flame retardant and self-extinguishing materials for special applications. 

The most common way of classifying polymers is outlined in Fig. 1.2 where they are first separated into three groups thermoplastics, elastomers and thermosets. Thermoplastics are then further separated into those which are crystalline and those which are amorphous (i.e. non-crystalline). This method of classification has an advantage in comparison to others since it is based essentially upon the underlying molecular structure of the polymers. 

Abstract In this chapter, classification of adhesive and sealant materials is presented. For this purpose, various categories are considered depending on the polymer base (i.e., natural or synthetic), functionality in the polymer backbone (i.e., thermoplastic or thermoset), physical forms (i.e., one or multiple components, films), chemical families (i.e., epoxy, silicon), functional types (i.e., structural, hot melt, pressure sensitive, water-base, ultraviolet/ electron beam cured, conductive, etc.), and methods of application. The classification covers high-temperature adhesives, sealants, conductive adhesives, nanocomposite adhesives, primers, solvent-activated adhesives, water-activated adhesives, and hybrid adhesives. 

Classification with respect to the methods of reaction is discussed in Sect. 12.3 to include thermosets, thermoplastics, high-temperature adhesives, elastomers, sealants, anaerobics, moisture curing adhesives, and primers. 

ISO 11600 2003 Building construction. Jointing products. Classification and requirements for sealants ISO 15908 2002 Adhesives for thermoplastic piping systems. Test method for the determination of thermal stability of adhesives... 

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