Thermodynamics and Fluid-Phase Equilibria

Estimate the molar volume using equation of state (EOS). 

Use Hysys, Aspen, PRO/II, and SuperPro softwares to estimate physical properties. 

When a liquid is heated slowly at constant pressure, the temperature at which the first vapor bubble forms is called the bubble-point temperature. When the vapor is cooled slowly at constant pressure, the temperature at which the first liquid droplet forms is the dew point temperature. 

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J. M. Prausnit2, R. N. Lichtenthaler, and E. G. A2eredo, Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1986. 

Prausnitz, J.M., Lichtenthaler, R.N. and Gomes de Azevedo, E., Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria. Prentice Hall, Upper Sadie River, NJ, 1999. 

Knud 0stergaard, Gas-Liquid-Particle Operations in Chemical Reaction Engineering J. M. Prausnitz, Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria at High Pressures Robert V. Macbeth, The Burn-Out Phenomenon in Forced-Convection Boiling William Resnick and Benjamin Gal-Or, Gas-Liquid Dispersions... 

In part II of the present report the nature and molecular characteristics of asphaltene and wax deposits from petroleum crudes are discussed. The field experiences with asphaltene and wax deposition and their related problems are discussed in part III. In order to predict the phenomena of asphaltene deposition one has to consider the use of the molecular thermodynamics of fluid phase equilibria and the theory of colloidal suspensions. In part IV of this report predictive approaches of the behavior of reservoir fluids and asphaltene depositions are reviewed from a fundamental point of view. This includes correlation and prediction of the effects of temperature, pressure, composition and flow characteristics of the miscible gas and crude on (i) Onset of asphaltene deposition (ii) Mechanism of asphaltene flocculation. The in situ precipitation and flocculation of asphaltene is expected to be quite different from the controlled laboratory experiments. This is primarily due to the multiphase flow through the reservoir porous media, streaming potential effects in pipes and conduits, and the interactions of the precipitates and the other in situ material presnet. In part V of the present report the conclusions are stated and the requirements for the development of successful predictive models for the asphaltene deposition and flocculation are discussed. 

J.M. Prausnitz, R.N. Lichtenthaler and E. Gomes de Azevedo, Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid phase equilibria, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1999. 

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