Thermodynamic properties, CoAl

Based on thermodynamic property of each element, the behavior of trace metals in the coal combustion process was generally classified into 3 groups as follows ... 

C14-0087. Calculate the standard entropy change at 298 K of each of the following reactions, which are important in the chemistry of coal. Assume that coal has the same thermodynamic properties as graphite. 

Evaluation of Transports. Using the information given on Figure 2, the composition of the coal, the composition of the stack gases, and the characteristics of the reference environment, typical thermodynamic property calculations serve to evaluate the transport terms (10,12). Thus the exergy transported with the coal is ... 

Thermodynamic Properties of Coal and Coal-Derived Liquids... 

Table II. Comparison of estimated and observed thermodynamic properties of coal...

Table V. Estimated thermodynamic properties of coal and coal liquids for H-Coal system...

Gray, J. A., et al., "Selected Physical, Chemical, and Thermodynamic Properties of Narrow Boiling Range Coal Liquids," paper presented to the AIChE Fall 1981 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Nov. (1981). 

TRC Thermodynamic Tables Hydrocarbons, NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD. Fourteen volumes of critically evaluated data on physical and thermodynamic properties of more than 3700 hydrocarbons and some sulfur derivatives of hydrocarbons present in petroleum and coal. 

In contrast to classical GC, IGC probes the stationary phase, in this case a coal, by determining the retention volume of known compounds. The term inverse chromatography was first applied by Davis and Peterson (2), who utilized IGC to determine of the degree of oxidation of asphalt. In later work, the experiments were extended to include measurements of thermodynamic properties (8). Because of their results with oxidized asphalt, IGC may be a good candidate for investigating coals. 

Blander, M. Pelton, A. D. Computer Assisted Analyses of the Thermodynamic Properties of Slags in Coal Combustion Systems, ANL/FE-83-19, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 1983 Available from NTIS, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 

The B2 aluminide CoAl is very similar to NiAl with respect to density, thermal expansion behavior, melting temperature and phase diagram (Westbrook, 1956 Whittenberger, 1985 Stephens, 1985 Massalski etal., 1990 Harmouche and Wolfenden, 1987). The thermodynamic properties and point defects have been... 

In general, the design of hydrocarbon absorption systems is straightforward. Since mass U ansfer is not complicated by the occurrence of chemical reactions, conventional absorption coefficient, theoretical plate, and absorption factor concepts can be used for design calculations (see Chapter I). Basic data for such calculations, including the thermodynamic properties of compounds found in coke-oven gas and equilibrium data for several gas-coal liquid systems, are given in the U.S. DOE Coal Conversion Systems Data Book (1982) and other hydrocarbon data compendia. 

Langmuir D (1979) Techniques of estimating thermodynamic properties for some aqueous complexes of geochemical interests. In Jenne EA (ed) Chemical modeling in aqueous systems. Am Chem Soc Symp Ser 93, pp 353-387 Laznicka P (1985) The geological association of coal and metallic ores - a review. In Wolf KH (ed) Handbook of strata-bound and stratiform ore deposits, vol 13. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-71... 

Syngas composition, most importantly the H2/CO ratio, varies as a function of production technology and feedstock. Steam methane reforming yields H2/CO ratios of three to one whereas coal and biomass gasification yields ratios closer to unity or lower. Conversely, the required properties of the syngas are a function of the synthesis process. Fewer moles of product almost always occur when H2 and CO are converted to fuels and chemicals. Consequently, syngas conversion processes are more thermodynamically favorable at higher H2 and CO partial pressures. The optimum pressures depend on the specific synthesis process. 

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